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干旱区地理 ›› 2013, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 623-630.

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土库曼斯坦物种多样性及其与中国新疆的比较

何学敏1，2，   吕光辉1，2，   秦   璐1，2，   Akhmetkaliyeva MAKSAT 1，3，   刘昊奇1，2，   张雪妮1，2   

  1. 1    新疆绿洲生态教育部重点实验室， 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830046；    2    新疆大学资源与环境科学学院， 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830046；3    艾尔法拉比哈萨克国立大学， 阿拉木图    050040
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-21 修回日期:2012-12-09 出版日期:2013-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 吕光辉（1963-），男，山东青岛人，教授，博士生导师，主要从事干旱区生态研究. Email：ler@xju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:何学敏（1986-），男，新疆奎屯人，博士生，专业为生态学. Email：he8669@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    “国家国际科技合作计划资助”（2010DFA92720-12）

A comparison of species diversity in Turkmenistan and Xinjiang

HE  Xue-min1，2，LV  Guang-hui1，2*，QIN  Lu1，2，    AKHMETKALIYEVA Maksat1，3，LIU  Hao-Qi1，2，    ZHANG  Xue-ni1，2   

  1. 1   Xinjiang  Key  Laboratory  of  Oasis  Ecology, Urumqi  830046, Xinjiang, China;   2   College  of  Resources  and  Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi  830046, Xinjiang, China;   3   Al-Farabi  Kazakh  National  University, Almaty  050040, Kazakhstan
  • Received:2012-10-21 Revised:2012-12-09 Online:2013-07-25

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摘要： 土库曼斯坦与中国新疆在地理地形、景观带以及气候特征等诸多方面具有相似之处，这些因素共同决定了二者在物种多样性方面的相似性与可比性，加之人类活动影响加剧，两地物种多样性均遭受着严重的威胁。在对土库曼斯坦和中国新疆现有物种多样性数据进行总结的基础上，分析了二者的物种多样性现状、珍稀动植物特征以及濒危种和入侵种相关研究进展，对比了二者在物种多样性年际尺度上的异同，总结了土库曼斯坦与中国新疆物种多样性保护现状与相关政策，以期为深入开展两地生物多样性合作与交流提供支持。

关键词: 土库曼斯坦, 新疆, 物种多样性, 濒危物种, 入侵种

Abstract: As the basis for human survival and development，global biodiversity is facing a serious threat，species diversity is the center of biodiversity and the main unit of structure and function，and also is the basis and crucial for regional and global biodiversity conservation. Arid area of the world has a large area，and arid area in Central Asia is one of the key areas for species diversity，fragile ecological environment is strongly influenced by rapid population growth，land use and resource development，and the global change will also bring potential harm to vulnerable species diversity in the arid area，what is an urgent requirement to strengthen international cooperation to conduct research on biodiversity in the arid areas. This paper summarized the information on the basis of existing data on species diversity of Xinjiang and Turkmenistan，and then analyzed their current situation on species diversity，characteristics of rare animals and plants，as well as endangered species and invasive species. The results show as follows：higher plants，mammal and insect species found in Turkmenistan are less than that in Xinjiang，and Xinjiang has a little more in respect of fungi，algae，lichens，reptiles and fish. Turkmenistan's threatened species ratio was increased from 1.4% in 1990 to 3.8% in 2010. The vertebrate species in Xinjiang are only 83 kinds above that of Turkmenistan，while the proportion of threatened vertebrate in Xinjiang is as high as 16.5%，and which is 4.34 times over Turkmenistan，and the situation of animal diversity protection is grim. The threatened vascular plants in Turkmenistan was increased from 1.7% to 6.3%，much higher than in Xinjiang. Vegetation in Turkmenistan degradation seriously，while threatened bird species in Xinjiang of China is more serious，accounts to 75 species in 2010，and account for 16% of total bird species. The total number of two places’ endangered species is up to 133；compared with Turkmenistan，invasion of higher animals in Xinjiang is not optimistic， invasion of higher plants in Turkmenistan and Xinjiang is up to 22%，higher plants invasion is more intensified than that of animals，which is bound up with deliberate introduction．

Key words: Turkmenistan, Xinjiang, species diversity, endangered species, invasive species

中图分类号: 

  • Q16