“三生”功能视角下额尔齐斯河流域空间优化调控研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2025.297

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 581-593.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2025.297 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025297

“三生”功能视角下额尔齐斯河流域空间优化调控研究

杨嘉晖¹^,²^,³(), 刘晓煌²^,³^,⁴(), 时鹏¹, 李鹏¹, 刘润²^,³^,⁴, 祝萍²^,³^,⁴, 马敏²^,³^,⁴, 吴广杰²^,³^,⁴

1.西安理工大学，陕西西安 710048
2.自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室，北京 100055
3.新疆阿勒泰自然资源要素野外观测研究站，新疆阿勒泰 836500
4.中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心，北京 100055

收稿日期:2025-05-27 修回日期:2025-08-17 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-24
通讯作者: 刘晓煌（1972-），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要从事自然资源和地球系统科学研究. E-mail: liuxh19972004@163.com
作者简介:杨嘉晖（2001-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事自然资源和地球系统科学研究. E-mail: yjh20011215@163.com
基金资助:
中国地质调查项目(DD20230112);中国地质调查项目(DD20230514);部省合作项目(2024ZRBSHZ013);部省合作项目(2024ZRSBHZ049);耕地后备资源开发利用规划实施评估与国家批量增加耕地项目前期可行性研究(JTZB(2025)-055(02))

Spatial optimization and regulation in the Irtysh River Basin from the perspective of production-living-ecological function

YANG Jiahui¹^,²^,³(), LIU Xiaohuang²^,³^,⁴(), SHI Peng¹, LI Peng¹, LIU Run²^,³^,⁴, ZHU Ping²^,³^,⁴, MA Min²^,³^,⁴, WU Guangjie²^,³^,⁴

1. Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi China
2. Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100055, China
3. Xinjiang Altay Natural Resources Element Field Observation Research Station, Altay 836500, Xinjiang, China
4. Integrated Natural Resources Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China

Received:2025-05-27 Revised:2025-08-17 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆额尔齐斯河流域“生产-生活-生态”（“三生”）空间规划调控研究具有重要理论与实践价值。通过构建空间格网与行政区双尺度评价指标体系，揭示2000—2023年额尔齐斯河流域“三生”用地时空演变规律，诊断“三生”空间耦合协调度，并基于FLUS模型提出其空间优化调控路径。结果表明：（1）2000—2023年额尔齐斯河流域生产与生活空间分别扩张1199 km²和94 km²，生态空间缩减1319 km²，农业生产空间侵占草地、林地生态空间和城镇生活空间扩张导致生态退化。（2）生产空间高适宜区集中于城镇周边，低适宜区受限于戈壁沙地等未利用地；生活空间适宜性随城镇化提升，但未利用地的适宜性仍较低；生态空间呈现“山区优化、平原退化”的二元特征。（3）2000—2023年“三生”空间轻微失调格网数出现增加，主要分布在富蕴县和吉木乃县。濒临失调地区格网数出现减少，主要分布在布尔津县和哈巴河县。基本协调和良好协调地区格网数出现了大幅增加，主要分布在哈巴河县、阿勒泰市、福海县和北屯市。（4）额尔齐斯河流域国土空间功能提升应该在保证粮食产量的基础上以生态保护为导向，把部分生态适宜而生产不适宜的区域退耕还草，提升区域生态系统的整体服务功能。

关键词: “三生”功能, 适宜性评价, 可持续性评价, 多尺度融合, 情景模拟, 额尔齐斯河流域

Abstract:

The spatial planning and regulation of “production-living-ecological” spaces in the Irtysh River Basin of Xinjiang, China, have significant theoretical and practical value. This study establishes a multi-scale evaluation index system integrating spatial grids and administrative units to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of “production-living-ecological” land use from 2000 to 2023. The coupling coordination degree of these spaces is further diagnosed, and optimization pathways are proposed based on the future land use simulation model. The main findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2023, production and living spaces of Irtysh River Basin expanded by 1199 km² and 94 km², respectively, whereas ecological space contracted by 1319 km². This ecological degradation mainly resulted from agricultural expansion into grassland and forest ecological spaces, as well as urban sprawl. (2) High-suitability production areas are concentrated around urban zones, while low suitability areas are constrained by unused lands such as gobi deserts. The suitability of living spaces improved with urbanization, although unused lands continue to exhibit low suitability. Ecological spaces display a “mountain optimization-plain degradation” pattern. (3) From 2000 to 2023, the number of grids with slight imbalances in “production-living-ecological” coordination increased, mainly in Fuyun and Jeminai counties, whereas grids with near imbalances decreased, primarily in Burqin and Habahe counties. In contrast, the number of grids achieving basic or good coordination increased markedly, particularly in Habahe County, Altay City, Fuhai County, and Beitun City. (4) Improvement of territorial space functionsin the Irtysh River Basin should prioritize ecological conservation while ensuring food security, with targeted conversion of farmland to grassland in ecologically suitable but production-constrained areas to enhance regional ecosystem services.

Key words: “production-living-ecological” function, suitability evaluation, sustainability evaluation, multi-scale integration, scenario simulation, Irtysh River Basin

杨嘉晖, 刘晓煌, 时鹏, 李鹏, 刘润, 祝萍, 马敏, 吴广杰. “三生”功能视角下额尔齐斯河流域空间优化调控研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(3): 581-593.

YANG Jiahui, LIU Xiaohuang, SHI Peng, LI Peng, LIU Run, ZHU Ping, MA Min, WU Guangjie. Spatial optimization and regulation in the Irtysh River Basin from the perspective of production-living-ecological function[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(3): 581-593.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

表2

“三生”空间适宜性评价指标体系"

空间类型	指标	权重	指标分级和打分
空间类型	指标	权重	5	4	3	2	1
生产空间	土地利用类型	0.2324	耕地	建设用地、中覆盖度草地、高覆盖度草地	沟渠、林地、低覆盖度草地	水库坑塘	其他
	高程/m	0.0877	<800	[800, 1200)	[1200, 1800)	[1800, 2400)	≥2400
	坡度/(°)	0.0877	<4	[4, 9)	[9, 15)	[15, 23)	≥23
	年均气温/°C	0.0505	≥4.8	[1.7, 4.8)	[-2.0, 1.7)	[-5.5, -2.0)	<-5.5
	年均降雨量/mm	0.0505	≥400	[330, 400)	[250, 330)	[200, 250)	<200
	土壤有机质/g·kg^-1	0.1540	≥27	[19, 27)	[11, 19)	[3, 11)	<3
	土壤pH值	0.1540	[6.5, 7.5)	[6.0, 6.5)	[7.5, 8.0)	[5.5, 6.0)	<5.5，≥8.0
	水系距离/m	0.0747	<500	[500, 1500)	[1500, 3000)	[3000, 5000)	≥5000
	道路距离/m	0.1085	<500	[500, 1500)	[1500, 3000)	[3000, 5000)	≥5000
生活空间	土地利用类型	0.2738	城镇、农村	耕地、草地、沟渠	林地	建设用地	其他
	高程/m	0.0567	<800	[800, 1200)	[1200, 1800)	[1800, 2400)	≥2400
	坡度/(°)	0.0567	<4	[4, 9)	[9, 15)	[15, 23)	≥23
	夜间灯光亮度	0.1134	≥28	[18, 28)	[11, 18)	[4, 11)	<4
	经济密度/10⁴元·km^-2	0.1129	≥43	[25, 43)	[14, 25)	[5, 14)	<5
	人口密度/人·km^-2	0.1129	≥104	[50, 104)	[26, 50)	[9, 26)	<9
	距居民点距离/m	0.1369	<1000	[1000, 3000)	[3000, 5000)	[5000, 10000)	≥10000
	距道路距离/m	0.1369	<500	[500, 1500)	[1500, 3000)	[3000, 5000)	≥5000
生态空间	土地利用类型	0.2789	林地、草地	天然陆地水域	耕地、未利用地	水利设施用地	其他
	高程/m	0.0866	≥2400	[1800, 2400)	[1200, 1800)	[800, 1200)	<800
	坡度/(°)	0.0866	>23	[15, 23)	[9, 15)	[4, 9)	<4
	归一化植被指数	0.1883	>0.72	[0.55, 0.72)	[0.36, 0.55)	[0.20, 0.36)	<0.20
	距建设用地距离/m	0.1546	≥5000	[3000, 5000)	[1500, 3000)	[500, 1500)	<500
	距水系距离/m	0.1113	≥8000	[6000, 8000)	[4000, 6000)	[2000, 4000)	<2000
	景观破碎度	0.0937	规则性好	规则性较好	规则性一般	规则性较差	规则性差

表2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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空间类型	一级分类	二级分类
生产空间	农业生产空间	旱地、高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地
生产空间	工业生产空间	其他建设用地
生活空间	城镇生活空间	城镇用地
生活空间	农村生活空间	农村居民点
生态空间	林地生态空间	有林地、灌木林地、其他林地
	草地生态空间	低覆盖度草地
	水域生态空间	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、滩地
	其他生态空间	永久性冰川雪地、沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、沼泽地、裸土地、裸岩石质地、其他未利用地

一级功能	二级功能	指标	数据获取	权重
一级功能	二级功能	指标	数据获取	2000年	2010年	2023年
生产功能	农业供给功能	耕地面积比重/%	耕地面积/行政单元面积	0.098	0.104	0.107
		粮食人均占有量/kg·人^-1	粮食产量/总人口数	0.020	0.030	0.044
		粮食产出率/kg·km^-2	粮食产量/耕地面积	0.019	0.026	0.051
		第一产业增加值/10⁴元	第一产业增加值	0.029	0.031	0.039
	非农业供给功能	第二产业增加值/10⁴元	第二产业增加值	0.034	0.058	0.046
		工业企业平均产值/10⁴元·个^-1	工业企业总产值/工业企业数	0.030	0.076	0.086
		土地产出率/10⁴元·km^-2	总产值/行政单元面积	0.114	0.101	0.131
生活功能	居住承载功能	生活用地比重/%	生活用地面积/行政单元面积	0.116	0.125	0.138
		人口密度/人·km^-2	人口数/行政单元面积	0.013	0.014	0.015
		人均医院床位/张·人^-1	总床位数/总人口数	0.161	0.060	0.054
	社会保障功能	路网通达性/km·km^-2	道路长度/行政单元面积	0.052	0.054	0.058
		人均居民存款/10⁴元·人^-1	居民总存款/总人口数	0.174	0.142	0.067
		城镇化水平/%	城镇人口/总人口数	0.021	0.053	0.042
生态功能	生态维持功能	生态用地比重/%	生态用地/行政单元面积	0.013	0.014	0.015
		植被覆盖率/%	林地面积/行政单元面积	0.023	0.024	0.027
		水域覆盖率/%	水域面积/行政单元面积	0.082	0.088	0.081

“三生”功能视角下额尔齐斯河流域空间优化调控研究

Spatial optimization and regulation in the Irtysh River Basin from the perspective of production-living-ecological function

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