基于县域尺度的甘肃省乡村振兴发展水平测度及时空分异

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.545

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村振兴战略是中国实现全面建成社会主义现代化强国的重大举措之一。依据乡村振兴战略内涵，构建乡村振兴发展水平评价指标体系，采用熵值法测度2013—2022年甘肃省85个县（区）乡村振兴发展水平，运用Dagum基尼系数、核密度估计方法分析乡村振兴区域差异。结果表明：（1）甘肃省乡村振兴发展水平总体呈上升态势，产业兴旺、生态宜居2个维度的发展增速最为明显。（2）甘肃省县域乡村振兴发展水平呈现出“西北高、东南低”的空间分布特征，其中高水平区分布在河西地区，低水平区主要集中在河东地区。（3）乡村振兴水平总体基尼系数呈波动下降趋势，区域间差异是导致区域差异的主要来源；甘肃省85个县域的乡村振兴发展水平呈现逐步收敛趋势，表现出一定的稳态性。据此，提出依据区域实际情况制定精准化政策以促进区域乡村振兴协调发展。

关键词: 乡村振兴, 发展水平, 时空分异, 县域, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Rural revitalization is a key strategic measure for China to achieve the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. Drawing on the connotation of the rural revitalization strategy, this paper constructs an evaluation index system to measure the level of rural revitalization development. It uses the entropy method to assess the rural revitalization development level of 85 counties (districts) in Gansu Province, China, from 2013 to 2022 and utilizes the Dagum coefficient and kernel density estimation to analyze regional differences in rural revitalization. The results indicate that: (1) The overall level of rural revitalization and development in Gansu Province is on the rise, with the most significant growth being observed in industrial prosperity and ecological livability. (2) The level of rural revitalization and development among counties in Gansu Province exhibits a pattern of spatial distribution characterized by being high in the northwest and low in the southeast. High-level areas are concentrated in the Hexi region, and low-level areas are primarily located in the Hedong region. (3) The overall Dagum coefficient for the level of rural revitalization demonstrates a fluctuating trend downward, with interregional differences marking the primary source of these regional disparities. Levels of rural revitalization and development of the 85 counties in Gansu Province show a gradual trend of convergence, indicating a certain degree of stability. These findings support the proposal that rural revitalization and development efforts in Gansu Province formulate precise policies tailored to local conditions to promote coordinated regional rural revitalization.

Key words: rural revitalization, development levels, spatial-temporal differentiation, county, Gansu Province

刘艺欣, 裴婷婷, 陈英, 谢保鹏. 基于县域尺度的甘肃省乡村振兴发展水平测度及时空分异[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1683-1693.

LIU Yixin, PEI Tingting, CHEN Ying, XIE Baopeng. Measurement and spatial-temporal differentiation of rural revitalization development level in Gansu Province based on county scale[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1683-1693.

图/表 8

图1

表1

甘肃省县域乡村振兴评价指标体系"

一级指标（权重）	二级指标	指标解释	指标属性	二级指标权重
产业兴旺（0.265）	粮食综合生产能力	粮食总产量/t	正向	0.061
	农业劳动生产水平	农业劳动生产率/10⁴元·人^-1	正向	0.080
	农业机械化水平	农业机械总动力/农作物总播种面积/%	正向	0.055
	农业产业化水平	农村人均地区生产总值/元	正向	0.067
	乡村就业情况	乡村就业人数占乡村总人口的比重/%	正向	0.002
生态宜居（0.259）	农村人居环境情况	农村垃圾集中处理率/%	正向	0.035
	农村人居环境情况	农村污水集中处理率/%	正向	0.136
	农业绿色发展水平	农用化肥施用量（折纯）/t	负向	0.002
	农村用电量情况	农村用电量/10⁸ kW·h	正向	0.065
	农村绿化情况	荒山荒（沙）地造林面积/10⁴ hm²	正向	0.020
	农村生态保护情况	塑料薄膜使用量/t	负向	0.002
乡风文明（0.144）	农村思想道德建设水平	教育文化娱乐占生活消费比重/%	正向	0.021
	农村文化建设水平	图书室（馆）、文化站个数/个	正向	0.099
	农村教育投入水平	农村小学教师数与在校学生数比例/%	正向	0.019
	农村社会保障水平	各种社会福利性单位/个	正向	0.005
治理有效（0.169）	乡村居民受教育水平	万人乡村从业人员中高中及以上学历从业人员人数/10⁴人	正向	0.049
	乡村基层组织配套水平	乡村人口数量/村民委员会数量/%	正向	0.012
	乡村经济治理水平	乡镇经济组织（乡务）管理人员数量/10⁴人	正向	0.057
	乡村财政收支水平	地方财政收支比/%	正向	0.051
生活富裕（0.161）	农村居民收入水平	农村居民人均可支配收入/元	正向	0.042
	农村居民消费水平	农村居民人均可消费性支出/元	正向	0.028
	农村基础设施情况	通宽带的村个数占比/个	正向	0.010
	农村消费供应水平	村均50 m²以上的超市个数/个	正向	0.080

表1

图2

图3

表2

表3

表4

图4

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年份	总体	陇中地区	河西地区	陇东南地区	甘南、临夏地区
2013	0.183	0.159	0.120	0.108	0.133
2014	0.189	0.151	0.121	0.133	0.147
2015	0.187	0.143	0.123	0.134	0.154
2016	0.171	0.133	0.111	0.119	0.127
2017	0.148	0.114	0.084	0.116	0.106
2018	0.156	0.130	0.109	0.115	0.103
2019	0.153	0.131	0.118	0.119	0.110
2020	0.156	0.124	0.119	0.123	0.123
2021	0.159	0.119	0.118	0.111	0.125
2022	0.160	0.125	0.113	0.127	0.126

年份	陇中-河西地区	陇中-陇东南地区	陇中-甘南、临夏地区	河西-陇东南地区	河西-甘南、临夏地区	陇东南-甘南、临夏地区
2013	0.159	0.175	0.371	0.120	0.283	0.248
2014	0.161	0.197	0.365	0.137	0.269	0.231
2015	0.161	0.190	0.363	0.135	0.265	0.235
2016	0.153	0.181	0.334	0.121	0.233	0.205
2017	0.117	0.165	0.285	0.113	0.211	0.169
2018	0.140	0.178	0.283	0.124	0.199	0.154
2019	0.144	0.189	0.250	0.130	0.170	0.134
2020	0.154	0.187	0.258	0.129	0.169	0.145
2021	0.160	0.193	0.278	0.122	0.176	0.145
2022	0.159	0.182	0.279	0.123	0.175	0.162

年份	区域内	区域间	超变密度
2013	18.27	66.26	15.47
2014	18.62	66.37	15.01
2015	18.72	65.69	15.59
2016	18.36	67.01	14.64
2017	18.17	69.51	12.32
2018	19.20	66.62	14.18
2019	20.05	62.80	17.15
2020	20.09	61.75	18.16
2021	19.05	65.92	15.02
2022	19.69	62.15	18.16