植物纤维毯覆盖对干旱区尾矿砂水热分布的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.499

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

覆盖会影响尾矿水、热分布，研究植物纤维毯覆盖对尾矿砂水热分布的影响，对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（Microbial induced calcite precipitation，MICP）技术控制尾矿污染扩散过程中调控水热条件具有实际意义。于2022年夏季在中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站，布设基于不同材料（黄麻、稻草、椰丝和棕榈）、不同规格（300 g·m^-2、500 g·m^-2、700 g·m^-2和900 g·m^-2）的植物纤维毯覆盖于尾矿砂的田间模拟试验，通过测定尾矿砂温度、含水率与蒸发量变化，探究植物纤维毯覆盖对尾矿砂水热分布的影响。结果表明：（1）植物纤维毯覆盖能降低0~20 cm尾矿砂温度、减小日温差及日变化幅度，其中900 g·m^-2的稻草纤维毯（D9）降温作用最强，日变化幅度最小。（2）植物纤维毯覆盖能改善0~30 cm尾矿砂的保水性，减少水分蒸发损失。（3）植物纤维毯覆盖能抑制尾矿砂水分蒸发，试验结束时，相同规格下累积蒸发抑制效率除D9略大于900 g·m^-2的黄麻纤维毯（H9）外，均表现为：黄麻>稻草>棕榈>椰丝，且均随规格增大而增大，其中D9抑制蒸发效率高达71.3%。（4）植物纤维毯覆盖干旱区尾矿砂的最佳节水降温方案为D9。综上所述，植物纤维毯覆盖能有效节水降温，研究结果可为干旱区应用MICP技术控制尾矿污染扩散过程中调控水热条件提供理论支撑。

关键词: 尾矿砂, 植物纤维毯, 温度, 保水性能, 蒸发量

Abstract:

Because the cover affects the water and heat distribution of mine tailings, studying the effect of plant fiber blanket cover on the hydrothermal distribution of tailing sand is critical for regulating hydrothermal conditions in microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technology to mitigate tailings pollution. In the summer of 2022, a field simulation experiment was conducted using plant fiber blankets of various materials (jute, straw, coconut silk, and palm) and specifications (300 g·m^-2, 500 g·m^-2, 700 g·m^-2, and 900 g·m^-2) to cover tailing sand at the Mosuo Wan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The influence of the plant fiber blanket covering on the water and heat distribution of tailing sand was investigated by measuring the change in the temperature, water content, and evaporation of tailing sand. The results revealed that (1) The plant fiber blanket covers reduced the temperature, daily temperature difference, and daily variation of tailing sand at a depth of 0-20 cm. The 900 g·m^-2 straw fiber blanket (D9) exhibited the strongest cooling effect and smallest daily variation. (2) The plant fiber blanket covers improved water retention and reduced the water evaporation loss of tailing sand at a depth of 0-30 cm. (3) The plant fiber blanket covers can inhibit the evaporation of water from tailing sand. The test results revealed that cumulative evaporation inhibition efficiency under the same specification except D9 was slightly greater than 900 g·m^-2 jute fiber blanket (H9), and followed the order jute>straw>palm>coconut silk. The evaporation efficiency of all materials increased with the increase in specifications, with D9 inhibiting evaporation efficiency up to 71.3%. (4) D9 was the best water saving and cooling solution for plant fiber blanket covering tailing sand in arid areas. The plant fiber blanket covers can effectively save water and reduce temperature. Furthermore, the results of the study can provide theoretical support for the application of MICP technology in arid areas to control hydrothermal conditions in the pollution dispersion of tailings.

Key words: tailing sand, plant fiber blanket, temperature, water retention, evaporation

王鑫, 靳正忠, 施建飞, 杨小亮, 徐新文. 植物纤维毯覆盖对干旱区尾矿砂水热分布的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(9): 1467-1480.

WANG Xin, JIN Zhengzhong, SHI Jianfei, YANG Xiaoliang, XU Xinwen. Effect of plant fiber blanket cover on hydrothermal distribution of tailing sand in arid area[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(9): 1467-1480.

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参考文献 36

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覆盖类型	规格/g·m^-2	处理	厚度/mm	覆盖物组成
黄麻纤维毯	300	H3	2.7±0.2	由上下2层固定网（PP网）夹持黄麻纤维层并缝合形成的毯状物
	500	H5	4.4±0.3
	700	H7	6.1±0.4
	900	H9	8.2±0.4
稻草纤维毯	300	D3	2.8±0.2	由上下2层固定网（PP网）夹持稻草纤维层并缝合形成的毯状物
	500	D5	5.0±0.2
	700	D7	7.1±0.2
	900	D9	10.0±0.5
椰丝纤维毯	300	Y3	2.5±0.2	由上下2层固定网（PP网）夹持椰丝纤维层并缝合形成的毯状物
	500	Y5	4.1±0.1
	700	Y7	5.6±0.4
	900	Y9	6.9±0.1
棕榈纤维毯	300	Z3	2.6±0.3	由上下2层固定网（PP网）夹持棕榈纤维层并缝合形成的毯状物
	500	Z5	3.9±0.5
	700	Z7	5.8±0.1
	900	Z9	7.2±0.1
无覆盖	-	CK	-	-

处理	蒸发时间
处理	0 d	3 d	6 d	9 d	12 d	15 d
H3	28.00±0.13Ccd	28.49±2.51Cc	25.43±0.36Bc	24.73±0.24Bc	20.66±0.68Ac	19.26±0.37Ad
H5	30.09±0.48Ee	26.10±0.59Ca	27.36±0.09De	25.61±0.51Cd	23.73±0.22Be	22.70±0.28Agh
H7	27.35±0.05Dbc	28.46±0.23Ec	27.64±0.05Def	25.56±0.38Cd	23.97±0.63Be	23.31±0.35Ah
H9	31.03±0.25Df	31.70±0.43Eef	31.23±0.14Dj	29.48±0.35Cg	27.64±0.36Bh	26.77±0.45Aj
D3	28.38±0.31Ed	28.40±0.33Ec	26.37±0.19Dd	24.66±0.22Cc	21.80±0.91Bd	20.35±0.35Ae
D5	28.46±0.03Dd	30.12±0.20Ed	27.82±0.64Defg	26.90±0.48Ce	23.96±0.26Be	22.72±0.41Agh
D7	32.31±0.23Eg	32.30±0.37Ef	31.05±0.31Dj	29.57±0.27Cg	26.46±0.34Ag	27.62±0.51Bk
D9	31.83±0.12Ffg	25.83±0.15Aa	30.24±0.44Ei	29.52±0.32Dg	28.47±0.26Ci	26.37±0.38Bj
Y3	31.20±0.15Ef	32.26±0.74Ff	28.15±0.39Dfgh	27.19±0.05Ce	23.58±0.10Be	21.91±0.10Af
Y5	29.40±0.10De	30.18±0.45Dd	26.61±0.22Cd	26.15±0.35Cd	24.90±0.30Bf	22.04±0.85Afg
Y7	31.83±0.20Ffg	31.01±0.31Ede	30.17±0.30Di	28.21±0.07Cf	26.60±0.21Bg	24.50±0.32Ai
Y9	31.17±0.77Ef	30.19±0.13Dd	28.29±0.09Cgh	27.07±0.25Be	26.53±0.58Bg	24.20±0.47Ai
Z3	26.85±0.48Eab	26.34±0.10Eab	23.79±0.24Db	22.33±0.60Cb	18.90±0.27Bb	16.23±0.44Ab
Z5	26.24±0.13Ea	30.38±0.27Fd	22.89±0.67Da	21.17±0.54Ca	18.49±0.28Bb	17.08±0.46Ac
Z7	29.34±0.07De	27.67±0.14Cc	26.28±0.29Bd	26.02±0.93Bd	23.47±0.40Ae	22.77±0.18Agh
Z9	34.43±0.38Fh	32.12±0.16Eef	28.73±0.43Ch	31.34±0.05Dh	26.59±0.35Bg	24.85±0.38Ai
CK	31.12±1.27Ff	27.41±0.19Ebc	23.78±0.39Db	20.67±0.17Ca	16.85±0.06Ba	13.59±0.17Aa

处理	W=at^b			W=ae^bt			W=alnt+b			W=at+b
处理	a	b	R²	a	b	R²	a	b	R²	a	b	R²
H3	3.107	0.949	0.999	5.204	0.156	0.885	14.447	-4.700	0.884	2.685	0.688	0.999
H5	2.922	0.909	0.999	4.742	0.151	0.899	12.264	-3.679	0.880	2.285	0.851	0.999
H7	2.776	0.814	0.994	4.217	0.137	0.921	8.972	-1.900	0.867	1.681	1.337	0.996
H9	1.895	0.955	0.997	3.206	0.156	0.874	8.917	-2.890	0.873	1.665	0.379	0.995
D3	2.983	1.015	0.997	5.269	0.165	0.860	16.407	-5.948	0.886	3.047	0.195	0.999
D5	2.413	1.010	0.998	4.230	0.165	0.867	13.177	-4.829	0.880	2.455	0.039	0.999
D7	2.145	0.996	0.997	3.739	0.162	0.864	11.220	-3.927	0.882	2.087	0.248	0.998
D9	1.856	0.976	0.996	3.220	0.158	0.854	9.079	-2.886	0.896	1.675	0.604	0.996
Y3	4..562	0.931	0.999	7.659	0.152	0.867	19.838	-5.668	0.901	3.650	2.027	0.997
Y5	2.760	1.028	0.997	4.932	0.166	0.855	15.661	-5.744	0.889	2.902	0.166	0.999
Y7	2.958	0.979	0.997	5.123	0.159	0.860	14.690	-4.826	0.890	2.720	0.736	0.998
Y9	2.852	0.983	0.997	4.976	0.159	0.852	14.199	-4.565	0.901	2.613	0.493	0.998
Z3	3.857	0.943	0.998	6.544	0.153	0.861	17.231	-4.995	0.903	3.165	1.735	0.997
Z5	3.614	0.886	0.997	5.918	0.144	0.865	13.767	-3.237	0.899	2.534	2.102	0.996
Z7	3.392	0.885	0.996	5.575	0.144	0.859	12.837	-2.915	0.903	2.357	2.110	0.995
Z9	3.274	0.868	0.992	5.408	0.139	0.833	11.494	-1.982	0.928	2.076	2.789	0.991
CK	6.653	0.987	0.999	11.522	0.161	0.870	33.909	-11.511	0.900	6.232	1.703	0.994