生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.577

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1615-1625.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.577

生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例

李伊彤^1,²(),荣丽华¹(),李文龙^3,⁴,程磊²

1.内蒙古工业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特 010051
2.中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京 100013
3.内蒙古财经大学,内蒙古呼和浩特 010070
4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2021-12-01 修回日期:2022-02-04 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-10-20
通讯作者: 荣丽华
作者简介:李伊彤（1995-）,男,博士在读,主要从事内蒙古草原地区城镇及聚落适宜性规划方法研究. E-mail: 1208833755@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(51868057);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(19ZJD014);内蒙古自治区教育科学研究“十三五”规划2020年度立项课题(NGJGH2020049)

Ecological security pattern at county level in northeast forest area of China from the perspective of ecological importance: A case of Arun Banner in Hulun Buir City

LI Yitong^1,²(),RONG Lihua¹(),LI Wenlong^3,⁴,CHENG Lei²

1. Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
2. China Academy of Building Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
3. Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources/Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2021-12-01 Revised:2022-02-04 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-10-20
Contact: Lihua RONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

县域生态安全格局构建对于保障我国生态安全、优化县域生态空间格局具有重要意义。基于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗生态系统服务功能重要性评价结果,利用景观形态空间格局分析（MSPA）模型识别生态核心区作为生态源地,基于生态阻力因子与生态威胁因子构建阻力栅格,运用电路理论识别生态廊道、夹点以及改善区,构建阿荣旗综合生态安全格局。结果表明：（1）阿荣旗生态极重要区面积4181.66 km²,占全旗面积的37.80%,生态重要区面积2174.50 km²,占全旗面积的19.80%,阿荣旗整体生态系统服务功能重要性较高。（2）生态源地共有33块,占地面积1141.00 km²,主要分布于旗域北部区域,其中乔木林地是生态源地主要用地类型。（3）构建生态廊道共73条,其中关键廊道62条,潜在廊道11条,总面积为1884.80 km²,生态廊道网络化结构完整,呈“北密南疏”分布状态。（4）共识别夹点区面积71.25 km²,提取重要夹点38个,一级改善区面积176.65 km²,主要分布于旗域南部;二级改善区面积887.12 km²,主要分布于旗域南部与西北部。对各景观生态要素进行总体规划,宏观上形成“一屏两区,一网多点”的生态安全格局,为国土空间格局优化提供了现实路径和科学指引。

关键词: 林区, 生态安全格局, 景观形态, 电路理论, 生态空间规划, 呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗

Abstract:

The construction of ecological security plans at county level is of great significance for ensuring the ecological security and optimizing ecological spatial planning at a county level in China. Based on the evaluation of results related to the importance of ecosystem services in Arun Banner, Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China, this study uses a landscape morphological spatial pattern analysis to identify the ecological core area as the ecological source area and construct a resistance grid based on ecological resistance and ecological threat factors. In this work, circuit theory was used to identify an ecological corridor; Linkage Mapper was used to identify the improvement areas in the ecological corridor. Based on this, a comprehensive ecological security plan for Arun Banner was constructed. The results showed that: (1) The most ecologically important area of Arun Banner has an areas of 4181.66 km², which accounts for 37.80% of the whole banner area, and the ecologically important area was 2174.50 km², accounting for 19.80% of the whole banner area. (2) There are 33 ecological source areas that cover an area of 1141.00 km², which accounts for 10.30% of the total area of the study area; these areas are mainly distributed in the north of the banner region, and tree forest is the main type of ecological source land. (3) A total of 73 ecological corridors were identified, including 62 key corridors and 11 potential corridors; these corridors had a total area of 1884.80 km². The network structure of the ecological corridors was complete. These corridors were more concentrated in the north and less frequent in the south of the study region. (4) The area of specific pinch points was found to be 71.25 km², 38 important pinch points are identified in this work. The area of first-level improvement regions related to these pinch points was found to be 176.65 km²; the majority of this area is located in the south of the banner region. The secondary improvement area was found to be 887.12 km²; this area is mainly distributed in the south and northwest of the banner region. Planning activities should be carried out on the identified source areas and ecological corridors to ensure ecological security. This work provides an evaluation of the importance of the ecosystems studied and the identification of ecological source areas and ecological corridors based on the resistance factors. This work also comprehensively considers the importance of ecological processes in the construction of ecological security planning and provides a realistic path and scientific guidance for the optimization of territorial spatial pattern.

Key words: forest region, ecological security pattern, landscape morphology, circuit theory, ecological spatial planning, Arun Banner of Hulun Buir City

李伊彤,荣丽华,李文龙,程磊. 生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(5): 1615-1625.

LI Yitong,RONG Lihua,LI Wenlong,CHENG Lei. Ecological security pattern at county level in northeast forest area of China from the perspective of ecological importance: A case of Arun Banner in Hulun Buir City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1615-1625.

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

生态服务功能评价"

评价因子	计算过程
水源涵养服务功能	$W R = N P P m e a n × F s i c × F p r e × (1 - F s l o)$ 式中 $： W R$ 为水源涵养服务能力指数;NPP_mean为多年植被平均净初级生产力（g C·m^-2·a^-1）; $F s i c$ 为土壤渗流能力; $F p r e$ 为多年平均降水因子; $F s l o$ 为坡度因子。
水土保持服务功能	$S p r o = N P P m e a n × (1 - K) × (1 - F s l o)$ 式中： $S p r o$ 为水土保持服务能力指数;NPP_mean为多年植被平均净初级生产力（g C·m^-2·a^-1）; $K$ 为土壤可蚀因子; $F s l o$ 为坡度因子。
防风固沙服务功能	$S w s = N P P m e a n × K × F q × D$ 式中： $S w s$ 为防风固沙服务能力指数;NPP_mean为多年植被平均净初级生产力（g C·m^-2·a^-1）; $K$ 为土壤可蚀因子; $F q$ 多年平均气候侵蚀力; $D$ 为地表粗糙度因子,D=1/cos(ө),其中ө为坡度（°）。
生物多样性服务功能	$S b i o = N P P m e a n × F p r e × F t e m × (1 - F a l t)$ 式中：S_bio为生物多样性保护服务能力指数;NPP_mean为多年植被平均净初级生产力（g C·m^-2·a^-1）; $F p r e$ 为多年平均降水因子; $F t e m$ 为多年平均气温参数; $F a l t$ 为海拔参数。

表1

表2

图3

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图5

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图7

图8

图9

图10

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阻力因子	分级指标	阻力系数	权重	威胁因子	分级指标	阻力系数	权重
土地利用	林地灌木草地水体耕地其他地类	10 20 30 50 70 90	0.15	距河流距离/m	500 800 1200 1800 >1800	10 30 50 70 90	0.1
高程因子/m	<300 300~500 500~800 800~1000 1000~1500	10 30 50 70 90	0.15	距公路距离/m	500 800 1200 2000 >2000	90 70 50 30 10	0.08
坡度因子/(°)	0~8 8~15 15~25 25~35 >35	10 30 50 70 90	0.17	距居民点距离/m	300 500 800 1200 >1200	90 70 50 30 10	0.07
归一化植被指数（NDVI）/%	65 75 85 95	90 70 50 30	0.23	距矿区距离/m	200 500 1000 2000 >2000	90 70 50 30 10	0.05

生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例

Ecological security pattern at county level in northeast forest area of China from the perspective of ecological importance: A case of Arun Banner in Hulun Buir City

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