1990—2020年朋曲流域冰川变化及其对气候变化的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.159

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Landsat系列影像、数字高程模型（DEM）等资料,采用遥感图像处理及目视解译方法,提取了朋曲流域1990—2020年冰川边界信息,研究了近30 a来朋曲流域冰川面积的分布、变化及其与气候变化的响应关系。结果表明：（1） 1990—2020年研究区冰川面积持续缩小,冰川面积的退缩率为1.52 %·a^-1,对比不同时段冰川退缩特征发现,研究时段朋曲流域冰川退缩加速。（2） 1990—2020年冰川分布面积随海拔的升高呈先增加后减小趋势,5900~6100 m之间冰川分布面积最大。（3） 1990—2020年各坡向冰川均表现为退缩趋势,其中南坡冰川退缩率最大,北坡最小。（4）与坡向类似,不同坡度等级的冰川也呈现退缩趋势,冰川退缩主要集中于15°~45°范围内,其中30°~35°之间冰川退缩速率较快。（5）综合分析区域的气温与降水数据可知,研究区冰川面积变化受气候条件的影响,气温上升、降水减少有可能是导致冰川退缩加速的主要原因,相比而言,前者对冰川退缩的影响更大。

关键词: 冰川变化, 动机分析, 遥感, 朋曲流域, 地理信息系统

Abstract:

This study examines the distribution and change of glacier area in the Pumqu Basin, Tibet, China over the last 30 years as well as its response to climate change. The purpose of this study is to develop a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the total change characteristics of glaciers in the Pumqu Basin and the spatial distribution pattern and dynamic change differences between various slope directions and slopes over time. The Pumqu Basin is located on the southern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Pumqu Basin has experienced crustal uplift, and the precipitation in the basin is large. The glaciers in this area have a large distribution area, diverse types, complex terrain, and climate conditions, and the ecological environment is sensitive and fragile. Currently, research on the Pumqu Basin mostly focuses on the analysis of the regional ice lake area change and the potential collapse of ice lakes. Although there are some studies on glacier change in the Pumqu Basin, the research period sequence is short, and there are few studies on the relationship between glacier and climate change in the Pumqu Basin. The glacier boundary of the Pumqu Basin from 1990 to 2020 is extracted by remote sensing image processing and visual interpretation methods based on the long-time series of Landsat remote sensing image data and Digital Elevation Model, and the Pumqu Basin is studied from many angles. The results showed that: (1) the glacier area in the study area continued to decrease; the retreat rate of the glacier area in the study period was 1.52 %·a^-1 from 1990 to 2020; and the melting rate increased year by year. (2) The distribution area of glaciers increases first and then decreases with elevation, and the distribution area between 5900 m and 6100 m is the largest. (3) Glaciers in all slope directions showed a retreat trend, with the biggest and smallest retreat rates on the south and north slopes, respectively, during the period of 1990—2020. (4) In addition, the glacier with different slope grades shows a retreating trend. Glacier retreat primarily occurs in the range of 15° to 45°, with a maximum slope of between 30° and 35°. The maximum rate of retreat is between 30° and 35°. (5) Comprehensive analysis of regional temperature and precipitation data shows that climatic conditions influence glacier area change in the study area, with increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation likely to be the primary causes of glacier retreat.

Key words: glacier variations, motivation analysis, remote sensing, Pumqu Basin, geographic information system (GIS)

汤远航,李梦琦,邓铃,王小丽. 1990—2020年朋曲流域冰川变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(1): 27-36.

TANG Yuanhang,LI Mengqi,DENG Ling,WANG Xiaoli. Glacier change and its response to climate change in Pumqu Basin during 1990—2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(1): 27-36.

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行列号	获取日期（年-月-日）	云量/%	获取日期（年-月-日）	云量/%	获取日期（年-月-日）	云量/%	获取日期（年-月-日）	云量/%
141/40	1988-12-15	2	2000-11-22	1	2010-12-12	24	2020-10-20	4
140/40	1989-11-09	1	2000-11-15	0	2009-11-08	1	2020-10-29	1
140/41	1989-11-09	1	2000-10-30	27	2012-12-02	1	2020-10-22	11
139/41	1990-06-14	42	2000-12-26	1	2012-10-08	18	2020-12-16	1

年份	缓冲区面积/km²	总面积/km²	误差率/%
1990	59.09	1248.71	4.73
2000	58.72	1209.19	4.86
2010	57.08	1152.25	4.95
2020	55.45	1068.10	5.19

年份	面积/km²	退缩量/km²	面积变化/%	年均面积变化/%·a^-1
1990	1248.71	-	-	-
2000	1209.19	39.52	-3.16	-0.32
2010	1152.25	56.94	-4.71	-0.47
2020	1068.10	84.15	-7.30	-0.73
总计	-	180.61	-15.18	-1.52

冰川规模/km²	1990年		2020年
冰川规模/km²	冰川条数	冰川面积/km²	冰川条数	冰川面积/km²
≤0.2	285	29.86	408	30.94
0.2~0.5	204	66.83	188	58.86
0.5~1	119	86.53	103	74.70
1~2	94	133.21	70	98.84
2~5	81	251.95	67	192.87
5~10	26	196.19	24	164.58
10~20	6	87.51	9	141.04
20~50	11	326.99	8	244.88
50~100	1	69.63	1	61.39
总计	827	1248.71	878	1068.10