基于哨兵数据与特征空间模型的新疆渭库绿洲土壤盐渍化遥感反演

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆作为中国土壤盐渍化典型区域，及时准确地掌握其动态信息对盐渍土治理与可持续土地利用具有重要意义。以新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲（简称渭库绿洲）为研究区，基于2022年7月的Sentinel-1雷达影像与Sentinel-2光学影像，结合同期野外实测土壤含盐量数据，提取并优选与土壤盐分显著相关的特征参数；通过构建Sentinel-1极化组合指数[V²-H]-[H]、[V²-H]-[(V²+H²)/V]、[V²-H]-[V-H]与Sentinel-2光谱指数CRSI-COSRI、CRSI-NDWI、CRSI-GARI共6种特征空间模型，对比分析各模型的反演精度，并利用最优模型实现渭库绿洲典型盐渍区土壤盐渍化空间分异制图。结果表明：（1） Sentinel-2光谱指数CRSI-COSRI构建的特征空间模型反演效果最佳，其相关系数达0.639，决定系数为0.670。（2）研究区整体盐渍化程度较高，空间分异明显，盐渍化程度自西向东呈递增趋势。研究结果验证了特征空间模型在干旱区土壤盐渍化遥感监测中的有效性，为区域盐渍土精准监测与治理提供了方法与数据支撑。

关键词: 土壤盐渍化, Sentinel-1数据, Sentinel-2数据, 特征空间模型, 渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲

Abstract:

Xinjiang requires timely and accurate monitoring of soil salinization dynamics to support effective management and sustainable land use. This study examines the Weigan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis (Weiku Oasis) in Xinjiang. Based on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar imagery and Sentinel-2 optical imagery from July 2022, characteristic parameters that were significantly correlated with measured soil salinity values were extracted and optimized. Six feature space models were constructed, including three polarization combination models from Sentinel-1 ([V²-H]-[H], [V²-H]-[(V²+H²)/V], and [V²-H]-[V-H]) and three spectral index models from Sentinel-2 (CRSI-COSRI, CRSI-NDWI, and CRSI-GARI). Using the optimal model, soil salinity in the study area was inversely estimated, revealing its spatial distribution patterns and enabling precise monitoring of typical salinized areas within the Weigan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis. The results indicate that (1) The Sentinel-2-based CRSI-COSRI model achieved the best inversion performance, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.639 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.670, significantly outperforming all other models. (2) The simulated spatial distribution of soil salinization indicated that the overall degree of soil salinization in the study area is relatively high, with an increasing trend from west to east. This study verifies the effectiveness of feature space models in the remote sensing-based inversion of soil salinization in arid regions, providing reliable data support and methodological references for regional salinized soil monitoring and management.

Key words: soil salinization, Sentinel-1 data, Sentinel-2 data, feature space model, Weigan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis

尼格拉·塔什甫拉提, 马莹轩, 阿不都外力·热合曼, 杨磊. 基于哨兵数据与特征空间模型的新疆渭库绿洲土壤盐渍化遥感反演[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(2): 287-300.

Nigara TASHPOLAT, MA Yingxuan, Abuduwaili REHEMAN, YANG Lei. Remote sensing inversion of soil salinization in the Weiku Oasis of Xinjiang using Sentinel data and a feature space model[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(2): 287-300.

图/表 17

图1

图2

表1

表2

Sentinel-2光谱指数"

光谱指数	计算公式	参考文献
综合光谱响应指数（COSRI）	$B 2 + B 3 B 4 + B 8 × B 8 - B 4 B 8 + B 4$	[24]
归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）	$B 8 - B 4 B 8 + B 4$	[24]
差值植被指数（DVI）	B₈-B₄	[25]
绿色大气阻抗植被指数（GARI）	$B 8 - [B 3 + 0.9 B 2 - B 4] B 8 + [B 3 + 0.9 B 2 - B 4]$	[26]
盐分比指数（SRI）	(B₄-B₈)×(B₃+B₈)	[26]
强度指数1（Int1）	$B 3 + B 4 2$	[27]
强度指数2（Int2）	$B 3 + B 4 + B 8 2$	[27]
归一化差异水体指数（NDWI）	$B 3 - B 8 B 3 + B 8$	[28]
比值植被指数（RVI）	$B 8 B 4$	[29]
归一化差异盐分指数（NDSI）	$B 4 - B 8 B 4 + B 8$	[30]
盐分指数1（S1）	$B 2 B 4$	[31]
盐分指数2（S2）	$B 2 - B 4 B 2 + B 4$	[31]
盐分指数3（S3）	$B 3 × B 4 B 2$	[31]
盐分指数5（S5）	$B 2 × B 4 B 3$	[31]
盐分指数6（S6）	$B 4 × B 8 a B 3$	[31]
土壤调节植被指数（SAVI）	$(1 + L) (B 8 - B 4) B 8 + B 4 + L$	[31]
盐分指数（SI）	$B 2 × B 4$	[31]
盐分指数1（SI1）	$B 3 × B 4$	[31]
盐分指数2（SI2）	$B 3 2 + B 4 2 + B 8 2$	[31]
盐分指数3（SI3）	$B 3 2 + B 4 2$	[31]
冠层响应盐分指数（CRSI）	$B 8 × B 4 - (B 3 × B 2) B 8 × B 4 + (B 3 × B 2)$	[32]
盐分指数7（SI7）	$B 4 × B 8 B 3$	[32]

表2

表3

表4

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

表5

图11

图12

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极化组合指数	相关系数（r）	极化组合指数	相关系数（r）
V	-0.252^*	H	-0.482^**
V+H	-0.432^**	V-H	0.474^**
V²+H	-0.457^**	V²-H	0.488^**
H²+V	-0.413^**	H²-V	-0.337^**
V²+H²	-0.450^**	V²-H²	0.468^**
(V²+H²)/V	-0.481^**	(V²-H²)/V	0.465^**
(V²+H²)/H	-0.209	(V²-H²)/H	0.462^**
(V-H)/(V+H)	0.439^**	(V²+H²)/(V²-H²)	0.076
H/V	-0.449^**	10lg(V)+10lg(H)	-0.391^**
10lg(V)	-0.227^*	10lg(H)	-0.432^**

影像类别	模型	相关系数（r）	决定系数（R²）
Sentinel-1	[V²-H]-[H]特征空间模型	0.535^**	0.510
	[V²-H]-[(V²+H²)/V]特征空间模型	0.523^**	0.502
	[V²-H]-[V-H]特征空间模型	0.519^**	0.478
Sentinel-2	CRSI-COSRI特征空间模型	0.639^**	0.670
	CRSI-NDWI特征空间模型	0.623^**	0.656
	CRSI-GARI特征空间模型	0.615^**	0.604