基于W-OH的矿区重构冻土阻水层功能评价模拟研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为缓解高寒矿区扰动土体难以形成冻土带来的不利影响，选取5种W-OH浓度（0%、1.5%、2.5%、3.5%、4.5%）喷施于扰动土体底部，重构矿区冻土阻水层，进行抗压试验、入渗试验和模拟降雨试验，分别从物理性能、入渗产流产沙、经济性3个层面进行重构阻水层评价分析，采用层次分析法和专家打分法选出8个影响重构阻水层的主要因子，构建重构阻水层功能评价体系，根据综合评分选出该地区最佳的重构阻水层方案。结果表明：（1） W-OH增强了煤矸石固结体的强度，特别是4.5%W-OH浓度时效果最明显。（2） W-OH浓度上升导致重构阻水层入渗率降低，稳渗历时延长，累计入渗量减少。（3）在降雨条件下，W-OH浓度升高降低了煤矸石固结体的稳定入渗率，增加了平均产流率和平均产沙率，并且平均产流率和平均产沙率都同W-OH浓度、坡度存在正相关关系。（4） 4.5%W-OH浓度方案功能综合评分最高，但在实际施工中，4.5%W-OH浓度方案易堵塞喷头，故推荐使用评分次之的3.5%W-OH浓度方案重构矿区冻土阻水层。研究结果可为W-OH在高寒矿区重构冻土阻水层应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 煤矸石, W-OH, 抗压试验, 入渗试验, 模拟降雨试验, 层次分析法

Abstract:

To address the challenges associated with forming frozen ground in permafrost mining areas, five concentrations of W-OH (0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5%) were applied to the bottom of disturbed soil bodies to reform the waterproof layer at Muli mining area, Qinghai Provinve, China. Compressive tests, infiltration tests, and simulated rainfall tests were conducted to evaluate the reformed waterproof layer from three perspectives: physical performance, infiltration and sediment yield, and cost-effectiveness. Eight key factors influencing the reformed waterproof layer were identified using the analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring method, leading to the development of a functional evaluation system. The optimal scheme for the reformed waterproof layer was determined based on a comprehensive scoring approach. The results indicate: (1) W-OH enhanced the strength of coal gangue solidification, with the most significant improvement observed at 4.5% W-OH concentration. (2) Higher W-OH concentrations decreased the infiltration rate of the reconstructed aquiclude layer, extended the steady infiltration duration, and reduced cumulative infiltration. (3) Under rainfall conditions, increasing the W-OH concentration lowered the stable infiltration rate of coal gangue solidification, increased the average runoff rate, and elevated sediment yield. Besides, the average runoff rate and the average sediment yield are positively correlated with the concentration of W-OH and the slope gradient. (4) While the 4.5% W-OH concentration scheme achieved the highest comprehensive functional score, it posed practical challenges, such as clogging nozzles during application. Therefore, the 3.5% W-OH concentration scheme, which had the second-highest score, is recommended for practical implementation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for applying W-OH to reform waterproof layers over frozen ground in alpine mining areas.

Key words: coal refuses, W-OH, compressive test, infiltration test, simulated rainfall test, analytic hierarchy process

杨思远, 杨海龙, 杨鹏辉, 张巍, 张颂扬. 基于W-OH的矿区重构冻土阻水层功能评价模拟研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(1): 75-74.

YANG Siyuan, YANG Hailong, YANG Penghui, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Songyang. Function evaluation of reformed waterproof layer over frozen ground in mining area based on W-OH[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(1): 75-74.

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物理性质	粒级分布/%						干容重 /g·cm^-3	天然含水率/%	饱和体积含水率/cm³·cm^-3	饱和渗透系数/cm·min^-1	孔隙度 /%
物理性质	>10 mm	2~10 mm	1~2 mm	0.5~1 mm	0.1~0.5 mm	<0.1 mm	干容重 /g·cm^-3	天然含水率/%	饱和体积含水率/cm³·cm^-3	饱和渗透系数/cm·min^-1	孔隙度 /%
参数	24.23	38.55	6.61	12.56	12.33	5.73	1.62	13.7	0.64	0.119	29

一级指标（权重）	二级指标（权重）
物理性能（0.3119）	抗压强度（0.1681）
	残余强度（0.0927）
	峰值应变（0.0511）
入渗产流产沙（0.4905）	稳定入渗率（0.2888）
	平均产流率（0.0781）
	平均产沙率（0.1235）
经济性（0.1976）	物料价格（0.0988）
经济性（0.1976）	施工费用（0.0988）

重构阻水层	抗压强度 /kPa	残余强度 /kPa	峰值应变 /%	稳定入渗率 /mm·min^-1	平均产流率 /mm·min^-1	平均产沙率 /g·m^-2·min^-1	物料价格 /元·m^-2	施工费用 /元·m^-2
0%W-OH浓度	8.017	2.045	0.709	0.399	0.359	1.136	0.5	1.375
1.5%W-OH浓度	73.267	24.240	2.650	0.275	0.473	1.463	0.7	2.292
2.5%W-OH浓度	136.131	48.190	4.240	0.199	0.532	1.689	0.9	4.584
3.5%W-OH浓度	196.030	77.950	5.280	0.211	0.574	1.941	1.1	6.876
4.5%W-OH浓度	250.391	112.116	6.124	0.154	0.623	2.195	1.3	9.168

重构阻水层	抗压强度 /kPa	残余强度 /kPa	峰值应变 /%	稳定入渗率 /mm·min^-1	平均产流率 /mm·min^-1	平均产沙率 /g·m^-2·min^-1	物料价格 /元·m^-2	施工费用 /元·m^-2
0%W-OH浓度	0.032	0.018	1.000	0.387	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
1.5%W-OH浓度	0.293	0.216	0.268	0.562	0.758	0.776	0.714	0.600
2.5%W-OH浓度	0.544	0.430	0.167	0.776	0.674	0.672	0.556	0.300
3.5%W-OH浓度	0.783	0.695	0.134	0.733	0.624	0.585	0.455	0.200
4.5%W-OH浓度	1.000	1.000	0.116	1.000	0.576	0.518	0.385	0.150

重构阻水层	抗压强度/kPa	残余强度/kPa	峰值应变/%
0%W-OH浓度	8.017	2.045	0.709
1.5%W-OH浓度	73.267	24.240	2.650
2.5%W-OH浓度	136.131	48.190	4.240
3.5%W-OH浓度	196.030	77.950	5.280
4.5%W-OH浓度	250.391	112.116	6.124