昆仑山北坡车尔臣河流域平原区地表水和地下水水化学特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.162

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1617-1627.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.162 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024162

• 第三次新疆综合科学考察 • 上一篇下一篇

昆仑山北坡车尔臣河流域平原区地表水和地下水水化学特征

吕雯改¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 江宇威⁵, 马兴羽¹^,²^,³, 刘蕾⁶, 薛杰¹^,²^,³, 张波¹^,²^,³, 黄彩变¹^,²^,³()

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点试验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，新疆策勒 848300
4.新疆维吾尔自治区地质勘查管理中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
5.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
6.新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830054

收稿日期:2024-03-12 修回日期:2024-05-20 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-11-27
通讯作者: 黄彩变（1982-），女，副研究员，主要从事荒漠生态学研究. E-mail: huangcaibian@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:吕雯改（1996-），女，硕士，主要从事水文与水资源研究. E-mail: lvwengai20@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0102)

Chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in plain area of the Qargan River Basin on the north slope of Kunlun Mountains

LYU Wengai¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), JIANG Yuwei⁵, MA Xingyu¹^,²^,³, LIU Lei⁶, XUE Jie¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Bo¹^,²^,³, HUANG Caibian¹^,²^,³()

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Qira 848300, Xinjiang, China
4. Xinjiang Geological Exploration Management Center, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
5. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
6. School of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-03-12 Revised:2024-05-20 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

车尔臣河流域农业用水比例过高，水资源供需矛盾突出，明确其农田灌溉用水与地下水化学特征对流域水资源配置和绿洲水生态安全具有重要意义。采用野外调查、数理统计与水化学分析法，对车尔臣河流域平原区地下水、渠水和河水的水化学及稳定氢氧同位素特征进行分析，并探讨了农田灌溉水与地下水间的相互作用关系。结果表明：（1）河水、渠水与地下水均呈弱碱性，且存在F^-含量超标现象，主要水化学类型均为SO₄·Cl-Na型，优势阴阳离子均为SO₄^2-和Na⁺。渠水和地下水均有咸化趋势，河水的水质总体相对较好。（2）地下水、河水和渠水的水化学特征相近，其离子来源均受到岩石风化作用控制，地下水的离子来源同时还受到蒸发浓缩作用影响。（3）河水、渠水和地下水的水线斜率分别为3.70、0.61和1.42，均低于当地大气降水线斜率（5.62），且各水体样点集中分布于大气降水线下方，说明河水和渠水均与地下水的水力联系十分密切，二者均是浅层地下水的重要补给来源，补给比例分别为56.48%和43.52%。研究结果可为车尔臣河流域平原灌区水资源的高效利用及合理配置提供科学依据。

关键词: 车尔臣河流域, 水化学特征, 氢氧稳定同位素, 灌溉水, 地下水

Abstract:

Agricultural water constitutes a significant proportion of total water consumption in the Qargan River Basin. The imbalance between water supply and demand in this region has become increasingly prominent. Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation water and groundwater in the Qargan River Basin is crucial for effective water resource allocation and ecological security within the oasis. This study examines the hydrochemical parameters, as well as the stable isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen, in river water, channel water, and groundwater from the plain areas of the basin. Data were collected through field investigations, mathematical statistical analyses, and hydrochemical methods to explore the interaction between irrigation water and groundwater. The key findings are as follows: (1) River water, channel water, and groundwater are all weakly alkaline, with elevated fluoride content in each. The predominant hydrochemical type for all water bodies is SO₄·Cl-Na, with SO₄^2- and Na⁺ as the dominant anion and cation, respectively. Groundwater and channel water show trends of salinization, whereas the river water quality is comparatively better. (2) The three water bodies exhibit similar hydrochemical characteristics. Ion sources in river water and channel water are primarily controlled by rock weathering, while groundwater is influenced by both rock weathering and evaporative concentration. (3) The slopes of the river water, channel water, and groundwater lines are 3.70, 0.61, and 1.42, respectively, which are lower than the slope (5.62) of the local meteoric water line (LMWL). Additionally, nearly all sampling sites for the three water bodies are distributed below the LMWL in a relatively compact manner. This suggests that river and channel waters are closely hydrologically connected to groundwater and act as the primary recharge sources, contributing 56.48% and 43.52%, respectively, to groundwater replenishment.

Key words: Qargan River Basin, hydrochemical characteristics, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, irrigation water, groundwater

吕雯改, 江宇威, 马兴羽, 刘蕾, 薛杰, 张波, 黄彩变. 昆仑山北坡车尔臣河流域平原区地表水和地下水水化学特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(10): 1617-1627.

LYU Wengai, JIANG Yuwei, MA Xingyu, LIU Lei, XUE Jie, ZHANG Bo, HUANG Caibian. Chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in plain area of the Qargan River Basin on the north slope of Kunlun Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(10): 1617-1627.

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类型	统计值	K⁺/mg·L^-1	Na⁺/mg·L^-1	Ca²⁺/mg·L^-1	Mg²⁺/mg·L^-1	Cl^-/mg·L^-1	SO₄^2-/mg·L^-1	HCO₃^-/mg·L^-1
河水	最小值	6.07	60.92	45.19	22.93	76.50	95.86	97.57
	最大值	25.21	452.85	124.38	88.67	498.72	377.50	375.39
	平均值	10.54	159.36	77.19	42.22	181.55	231.49	169.90
	标准差	6.71	132.66	26.23	22.54	144.18	87.76	93.45
	变异系数	0.64	0.83	0.34	0.53	0.79	0.38	0.55
渠水	最小值	4.60	48.72	48.84	15.93	58.39	112.87	91.03
	最大值	25.59	295.65	98.94	112.80	305.97	312.62	459.47
	平均值	11.00	156.20	78.28	52.07	177.97	250.03	199.32
	标准差	7.25	84.14	19.29	32.40	84.98	55.67	137.19
	变异系数	0.66	0.54	0.25	0.62	0.48	0.22	0.69
地下水	最小值	6.85	82.00	46.31	25.23	55.76	51.64	34.73
	最大值	35.70	590.66	293.12	182.51	845.24	1013.45	319.42
	平均值	17.02	266.24	143.72	82.03	325.34	444.36	162.33
	标准差	8.89	155.92	77.53	46.21	235.20	309.96	82.74
	变异系数	0.52	0.59	0.54	0.56	0.72	0.70	0.51
类型	统计值	NO₃^-/mg·L^-1	F^-/mg·L^-1	TDS/mg·L^-1	pH	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰
河水	最小值	1.45	0.70	492.33	7.87	-72.70	-11.36
	最大值	5.31	12.12	1987.02	8.26	-47.40	-6.05
	平均值	4.02	2.72	929.28	8.10	-60.96	-9.20
	标准差	1.27	2.68	471.47	0.12	8.49	1.58
	变异系数	1.40	0.99	0.51	0.01	0.14	0.17
渠水	最小值	4.41	1.14	548.33	7.95	-70.70	-14.26
	最大值	5.28	10.02	1589.74	8.31	-54.00	-8.38
	平均值	4.67	3.16	1004.33	8.11	-62.13	-10.38
	标准差	0.29	2.36	361.13	0.10	5.59	1.53
	变异系数	0.28	0.75	0.36	0.01	0.09	0.15
地下水	最小值	1.24	0.49	490.06	7.69	-60.50	-11.58
	最大值	66.41	6.98	3303.16	8.33	-38.10	-8.53
	平均值	17.45	2.65	1649.49	7.98	-55.39	-9.87
	标准差	18.18	1.95	848.16	0.17	6.26	0.75
	变异系数	4.62	0.74	0.51	0.02	0.11	0.08

昆仑山北坡车尔臣河流域平原区地表水和地下水水化学特征

Chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in plain area of the Qargan River Basin on the north slope of Kunlun Mountains

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