基于SEBS模型的干旱区流域蒸散发估算探究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水资源在干旱区的经济社会发展中占据着举足轻重的地位，被利用的水资源通过蒸散发进入大气，定量估算区域的蒸散发对区域的水资源分配管理、旱情监测等具有一定的指导意义。应用SEBS模型估算了2015年5~9月艾比湖流域的蒸散发，按照流域的分水岭划分研究区范围，根据土地覆被类型将研究区划分为乔木林地、灌木林地、牧草地、耕地、水域及其他6大类，分析了流域内蒸散发的时间与空间变化以及不同土地覆被的蒸散发情况。结果表明：（1）整体而言，流域范围内日均蒸散量在生长季内呈单峰型分布，7月中旬达到顶峰，平均值为4.35 mm·d^-1，最大值为5.63 mm·d^-1，对气温的变化最敏感。（2）研究区蒸散发的高低分布与土地覆被类型分布存在高度一致性，日均蒸散量大小依次为：水域 > 耕地 > 牧草地 > 乔木林 > 其他 > 灌木林。（3）蒸散发在不同土地覆被具有不同的峰值分布，乔木林的峰值分别出现在1.20 mm和6.80 mm左右，灌木林的峰值分别出现在3.5 mm和6.00 mm左右，牧草地分别出现在4.00 mm和6.80 mm左右。耕地、水域的峰值分别在6.60 mm、7.20 mm左右。（4）SEBS模型在干旱区流域具有较高应用价值。

关键词: 地表能量平衡系统(SEBS), 蒸散发, 干旱区, 艾比湖流域

Abstract: The ground water resources, including those utilized for crop growth in the irrigation system, gets into the atmosphere through evapotranspiration which is defined as the sum of plant transpiration and soil evaporation,forming a phase in water circulation as water goes from liquid to gaseous. Evapotranspiration is not only an important part in maintaining the water balance on the land surface, but also a major part to keep the surface energy balance. Water resource plays a much more important role in the economic and social development especially in arid area. Therefore, the quantitative estimation of regional evapotranspiration has some guiding significance for water resources allocation management and drought monitoring. In this study, the Surface Energy Balance System(SEBS) model based on moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) images is used to estimate the evapotranspiration in the Ebinur Lake basin, a typical ecological environment of arid basin, which is located in the west of Xinjiang, China. The evapotranspiration of the study area was estimated by using 45 scenes MODIS images from May 2015 to September 2015, and the scope of the study area was re-divided according to the watershed. Based on the land cover type, the study area is divided into six categories:arbor forest land, shrub land, pasture land, cultivated land, water area and the other area, the temporal and spatial changes of evapotranspiration in the watershed and the evapotranspiration of different land cover type were analyzed. The accuracy of the results was validated by eddy correlation(EC)system. The results show as follows:(1)The average daily evapotranspiration in the study area showed a single peak distribution in the vegetation growing season, with the peak reached in mid July, and an average of 4.35 mm·d^-1 and a maximum of 5.63 mm·d^-1, which was the most sensitive to the change of temperature.(2)According to the land cover type distribution and the whole basin evapotranspiration distribution, it is found that the distribution of evapotranspiration is highly consistent with the distribution of land cover types. The average daily evapotranspiration is in the following descending order:water area > cultivated land > pasture land > arbor forest land > other area > shrub land, with the corresponding values being:5.13 mm·d^-1, 4.51 mm·d^-1, 3.69 mm·d^-1, 3.56 mm·d^-1, 3.20 mm·d^-1 and 2.36 mm·d^-1 respectively.(3)According to the distribution of different land cover types, the peak distribution of the forest cover was 1.20 mm and 6.80 mm, the peak of shrub forest appeared at 3.5 mm and 6.00 mm, and the value of pasture appeared at 4.00 mm and 6.80 mm. The peak value of cultivated land and water is 6.60 mm and 7.20 mm respectively. (4)The SEBS model is suitable for the arid area.

Key words: surface energy balance system(SEBS), evapotranspiration, arid area, Ebinur Lake Basin

中图分类号:

P416.2

张晓玉, 范亚云, 热孜宛古丽·麦麦提依明, 何学敏, 陈丽华, 巴音达拉, 其其克, 杨建军. 基于SEBS模型的干旱区流域蒸散发估算探究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 508-517.

ZHANG Xiao-yu, FAN Ya-yun, MAIMAITIYIMING Reziwanguli, HE Xue-min, CHEN Li-hua, BAINDALA, QIQIKE, YANG Jian-jun. Evapotranspiration estimation of watershed in arid area based on SEBS model[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 508-517.

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