吐鲁番气象站迁移前后资料的差异分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 用吐鲁番站和参考站(托克逊、东坎两站)1974-2014 年观测资料,分析城市化对吐鲁番站气候资料的影响发现,地处极干旱区域的吐鲁番站气温、降水量、相对湿度和平均风速与参考站一致性较差,其中,吐鲁番站年平均气温和降水量上升趋势比参考站要大;相对湿度和平均风速下降趋势吐鲁番站比参考站大;由于城市化发展造成吐鲁番市的升温率为0.24 ℃·(10 a)^-1;均一性检测发现,由于城市化的影响,平均气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速分别在1982 年和1998 年产生了断点.新站与旧站观测资料对比分析发现,由于旧站环境较为湿润而新站环境极为干燥,使新旧站气候资料差异较大.其中,平均气温、最低气温新站比旧站分别高0.9 ℃和1.5 ℃;相对湿度新站比旧站低8.1%;年平均风速新站偏大1.4 m·s^-1.与6 个已经迁过站的平原站资料对比发现,干旱区的吐鲁番站年平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度,新旧站差值及差值标准差比多数站大一倍以上,而迁站前后新旧站年月风向相符率最小,仅为32.29%.

关键词: 台站迁徙, 差值分析, 对比站, 趋势, 均一性检测

Abstract: Climate data is the basis for studying climate change. In addition to the regional climate change factors, single station climate data can also carry non-uniform information due to the human factors such as urbanization and land use,and other factors like station migration and the instrument change,resulting in conflicting results of climate change studies. By using the difference sequences,trend value,and t-test analysis,and based on the observational data of Turpan and reference stations(Toksun and Dongkan Station)from 1974 to 2014,this paper first analyzed the regional coherence and uniformity between the Turpan and reference stations. Then,the difference and continuity between new and old station data were analyzed based on the observation data from 2013 to 2014. Finally,by comparing the observation data from Turpan Station and other six moved plain stations which already had one-year comparative observations data,this paper analyzed the special difference of arid region station information before and after migration. Results showed that the air temperature,precipitation,relative humidity,and wind speed have poor consistency between Turpan Station and the reference stations,of which the annual average temperature and precipitation showed bigger rising trend in Turpan station than that in the reference stations,relative humidity and wind speed showed bigger decreasing trend in Turpan station than that in the reference stations. Because of urbanization,the temperature rising rate reached 0.24 ℃·(10 a)^-1,and breakpoints appeared in 1982 and 1998 for temperature,relative humidity,precipitation and wind speed according to the homogeneity test. Comparative analysis showed the observation data were quite different due to the station environment between the old and new station. Compared with the old station,the average temperature and the lowest temperature were 0.9 ℃ and 1.5 ℃ higher,relative humidity was 8.1% lower,and the annual average wind speed was 1.4 m·s^-1 larger. comparison results between the Turpan Station and other six moved stations showed the annual mean temperature,minimum temperature,relative humidity,the difference values and standard deviation between new and the old stations in Turpan station were twice larger than most stations,the consistent rate of wind direction between the new and old Turpan stations are the smallest with 32.29%. Thus in arid area,big environmental difference can be caused when the new station are without vegetation,and further leading to larger difference between old and new observations,especially when the new station underlying surface is Gobi. Therefore,it is recommended to choose new station in grass region or in rural area,and try to avoid Gobi area as far as possible.

Key words: station migration, difference analysis, comparison station, trend, homogeneity

中图分类号:

P468.1.7

王秋香, 刘卫平, 刘叶, 秦榕, 古丽格娜, 胡义成, 杨华, 周昊楠. 吐鲁番气象站迁移前后资料的差异分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1): 22-32.

WANG Qiu-xiang, LIU Wei-ping, LIU Ye, QIN Rong, Guligena, HU Yi-cheng, YANG Hua, ZHOU Hao-nan. Discrepancy analysis of meteorological data before and after station migration in extreme drought region:a case of Turpan Station in eastern Xinjiang[J]. , 2016, 39(1): 22-32.

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