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干旱区地理 ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (02): 254-259.

• 生态与环境演变 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆塘巴湖水库浮游植物群落组成特征

薛俊增1，边佳胤1，王琼1，蔡桢1，朱新英2，李周永3，李海峰4，吴惠仙1   

  1. 1上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室，上海201306；2阿勒泰地区水产局新疆阿勒泰836500；3福海县水产技术推广站新疆阿勒泰836400；4中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所上海200031
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-18 修回日期:2011-08-27 出版日期:2012-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 薛俊增
  • 作者简介:薛俊增（1966-），男，教授，研究方向为水生生物学和生态学
  • 基金资助:

    阿勒泰地区渔业资源生态调查项目（D-8006-09-000201）；上海市教委重点学科建设项目 J50701

Ecological features of phytoplankton community of Tangbahu Reservoir in Xinjiang

XUE Junzeng1,BIAN Jiayun1,WANG Qiong1,CAI Zhen1,ZHU Xinying2； LI Zhouyong3；LI Haifeng4；WU Huixian1   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; 2 Aquatic Product Bureau of Altay，Altay 836500，Xinjiang，China； 3 The Fuhai Fishery Technical Extension Center，Altay 836400，Xinjiang，China； 4 The 704th Research Institute of China  Shipbuilding Industry Corporation，Shanghai 200031，China
  • Received:2011-06-18 Revised:2011-08-27 Online:2012-03-25
  • Contact: XUE Junzeng

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摘要： 塘巴湖水库是新疆阿勒泰地区具有灌溉、生活供给、养殖和发电等综合作用的水库，2008年7月（平水期）、10月（枯水期）和2009年5月（丰水期）对塘巴湖水库浮游植物群落进行了生态学研究。共采集浮游植物8门97种。库区水体浮游植物群落结构属于典型的绿藻-硅藻型。不同期优势种不同：平水期优势种为类颤藻鱼腥藻（Anabaena oscillarioides）、铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginisa）、小形色球藻（Chroococcus minor）、广源小环藻（Cyclotella bodanica）、双对栅藻（Scenedesmus bijuga）、韦氏藻（Westlla botryoides）、小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）和矩圆囊裸藻（Trachelomonas oblonga）；秋季枯水期优势种为水华微囊藻（Microcystis flosmarginata）、小形色球藻（C. minor）、颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulata）、德巴衣藻（Chlamydomonas debaryana）、双对栅藻（S. bijuga）、小球藻（C. vulgaris）和啮蚀隐藻（Cryptomonas erosa erosa）；丰水期优势种则为不定微囊藻（Microcystis incerta Lemm）、颗粒直链藻（M. granulata）、美丽星杆藻（Asteronella formosa）、被甲栅藻（Scenedesmus armatus）、小球藻（C. vulgaris）、极小拟小椿藻（Characiopsis minima）、卵形隐藻（Cryptomonas erosaovata）和裸甲藻（Gymnodinium aeruginosum）。水库浮游植物细胞密度变化趋势为：枯水期（9.42 ± 2.20×106 ind/L）> 平水期（7.80 ± 1.41×106 ind/L）> 丰水期（1.11 ± 2.32×106 ind/L）。库区水温和水容量变化是影响塘巴湖水库浮游植物种类组成、密度和多样性指数变化的主要因素。

关键词: 浮游植物, 群落组成, 生物多样性, 新疆

Abstract: Tangbahu Reservoir is located in Xinjiang. It is one of the many reservoirs in Altay. The Tangbahu Reservoir stored up the thawed snow, and the snow water is the principal source of the reservoir. In recent years, the global climate become warming and the influence of human activity increased significantly, the glacier’s snow line has flinched 500 meters. It will make an impact in aquatic ecosystem. The phytoplankton which have an important impact on the plankton community, are major component groups of aquatic plankton. Phytoplankton community structure of Tangbahu Reservoir was investigated and analyzed in July 2008 （the flow period）, October 2008 （the dry period） and May 2009 （the flood period）. Results showed that a total of 97 phytoplankton species, belonging to 8 phyla were identified, of which 43 species were Bacillariophyta, 28 species were Chlorophyta, 12 species were Cyanophyta, 5 species were Euglenophyta, 3 species were Cryptophyta, 3 species were Xanthophyta, 2 species were Pyrrophyta and 1 species were Chrysophyta. The number of species for Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Xanthophyta, Pyrrophyta Chrysophyta accounted for 45%，29%，12%，5%，3%，3%，2% and 1% of the total species respectively. The trends of species changing showed: the flood period （56 species）> the flow period （39 species）> the dry period （19 species）, the flood period and the flow period was made up by 8 phyla, but the dry period was made up by 6 phylathe. The dominance analysis showed that the phytoplankton community structure was typical type of Chlorella-diatoms in this reservoir. A. oscillarioides, M. aeruginisa,C. minor,C. bodanica,S. bijuga,W. botryoides, C. vulgaris and T. oblonga were the dominant species in the normalwater season. In the dry season, dominant species were M. flos-marginata, C. minor, M. granulata, C. debaryana, S. bijuga, C. vulgaris and C. erosaerosa. But in the wet season M. incerta Lemm, M. granulate, A. formosa,S. armatus, C. vulgaris, C. minima, C. erosaovata and G. aeruginosum were the dominant species. The phytoplankton in Tangbahu Reservoir showed larger alternation of hydroperiod with the highest density （9.42±2.20×106 ind/L） in dry period, followed by the flow period （7.80±1.41×106 ind/L）, the flood period was the lowest for 1.11±2.32×106 ind/L, it also had a very significant differences （p<0.01）, the most obvious difference was in flood period. The cell density was the greatest in the dry season, and the wet season has the smallest cell density. The paper analyzed the ShannonWiener and evenness indexes of phytoplankton community during three periods in Tangbahu Reservoir. The diversity index showed as follows: the ShannonWiener indices ranged between 2.03 and 2.45, the Pielou indices ranged between 0.41 and 0.47, and the Margalef indices ranged between 0.78 and 2.74.Moreover, the phytoplankton composition, cell density as well as the diversity were closely related to the temperature and the water volume of Tangbahu Reservoir was also discovered.

Key words: phytoplankton, community composition, biodiversity, Xinjiang

中图分类号: 

  • Q949.2