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干旱区地理 ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (02): 193-199.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

库玛拉克河流域盛夏最大可能融雪雪量估算

傅华1 ,贾丽红2,肖继东1,杨志华1,李聪1   

  1. 1新疆气候中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐830002; 2新疆气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002
  • 收稿日期:2011-07-30 修回日期:2011-09-21 出版日期:2012-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 傅华
  • 作者简介:傅华(1957~),女,高级工程师,主要从事卫星遥感技术应用与生态环境监测研究
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106007)和新疆少数民族科技人才特殊培养计划科研项目(201023119)资助

Snowfall estimation of maximum possible snow melt in midsummer in Kumalake River basin

FU Hua1,JIA Lihong2 ,XIAO Ji dong1,YANG Zhihuan1,LI Cong1   

  1. 1 Xinjiang Climatic Center,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;2 Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2011-07-30 Revised:2011-09-21 Online:2012-03-25
  • Contact: FU Hua

摘要: 利用2002-2008年6~9月EOS/MODIS卫星晴空资料,计算分析了融雪期库玛拉克河流域的积雪面积、覆盖率、雪深及雪水量;利用气象、水文台站的观测资料,对2002-2008年积雪变化与气象因子间的相互关系,2002-2008年7次洪峰时间段内最高温度的有效作用时间和12 h降水的有效影响时间等进行了分析与研究。结果表明:2002-2008年盛夏库玛拉克河流域高温融雪的主导作用比较明显,当流域内山区积雪量在5.5×108 m3以上、0 ℃层平均高度上升到4 500 m以上并且能维持4 d,库玛拉克河流域融雪型洪水的融雪量可达1.8×108~10.3×108 m3,夏季0 ℃层高度的变化可作为融雪型洪水预测的较好指标。2002-2008年这个历史时期实际积雪融化后产生的雪水当量9.88×108 t,全部融化后产生的最大可能雪水当量小于11.18×108 t;这个历史时期理论最大可能积雪融化后产生的雪水当量为17.55×108 t,全部融化后产生的雪水当量小于17.75×108 t。估算实际融化和理论融化的雪水当量,可为积雪融化后产生的最大洪水量估算提供数据支持。

关键词: MODIS, 遥感, 融雪, 雪量, 库玛拉克河

Abstract: Snowcover coverage, snowcover depth and snowmelt water volume of the Kumalake River basin were calculated using EOS/MODIS satellite data form June to September of 2002-2008. The paper also analyses the following three aspects with meteorological and hydrological stations data: first, the relationship between the change of snow cap and meteorological factors during snowmelt periods in 2002-2008; second, 15 effective temporal intervals of maximum temperature during the period of flood peak of 1990-2008; third, effective temporal intervals influenced by 12 hours precipitation. In the 7 flood peaks (2002-2008), 4 of them are type of snowmelt dominance (2003, 2006, 2007, and 2008) and 2 of them are type of snowmelt secondary dominance (2002, 2005). In the flood peaks of 2002 and 2005, precipitation is the dominant factor in 2002 while snowmelt is the dominant factor in 2005. Based on former analysis, following results were obtained: Firstly, snowmelt is the dominant factor in flood peaks during 2002-2008. When the snow cap in the mountain area was over 0.55 billion m3 and the height of 0 ℃ layer raised up to 4 500 m for more than 4 days, the snowmelt water from Kumalake River Basin reached up to 0.18-1.03 billion m3. The change of 0 ℃ level height of the Kumalake River Basin in summer indicates snowmelt flood well; Secondly, the snowmelt water of real snowcover in Kumalake River Basin in 2002-2008 reached up to 9.88×108 t, and the maximum possible snowmelt water was less than 11.18 ×108 t on hypothesis that all of the snowcover in the Kumalake River Basin was melted. The theoretically maximum possible snowmelt water was 17.55 ×108 t in this historical period. The snowwater equivalent produced by all of snowcover was melted was less than 17.75×108 t. The estimation of snowmelt water equivalent obtained from actually observed data and theoretical calculation can supply the support for estimating the maximum flood amounts due to snowcover melt in this mountain area.

Key words: MODIS, remote sensing, snowfall, snowmelt, Kumalake River

中图分类号: 

  • P426.63.4