新疆罗布泊地区白龙堆雅丹地貌形态特征及成因研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雅丹地貌是风沙地貌研究的薄弱环节,目前从形态描述到定量研究还未出现较大突破,亟待结合新的技术手段开展创新性研究。新疆罗布泊地区极端干旱,风蚀作用强烈,广泛分布着不同时期发育的雅丹,是研究雅丹地貌形态的理想区域。在Google Earth上沿着新疆罗布泊地区盛行风向测量并分析了白龙堆雅丹4个子区域共1000个雅丹个体的长度、宽度等形态参数,结果表明：白龙堆雅丹4个子区域长度、宽度和长宽比（R值）等形态参数存在一定区域差异,但总体上相近,其雅丹长度均值为63.42 m,65%集中在25.00~75.00 m之间;宽度均值为13.97 m,80%分布在5.00~20.00 m之间;R值均值为4.37,80%集中在2.00~6.00之间。白龙堆雅丹R值的均值总体上接近于特定风场条件下发育的雅丹R值（R=4.00）。因此,区域风蚀作用塑造了相对稳定的雅丹形态,并且这种形态基本接近于特定条件下风蚀形成的雅丹形态。尽管风动力是白龙堆雅丹形态主要的塑造动力,但是地层岩性、地表盐壳、极端干旱气候等因素也具有重要的影响。白龙堆雅丹形态变化特征可为深入理解雅丹地貌发育过程提供区域性认识。

关键词: 雅丹, 形态, 成因, 罗布泊

Abstract:

Among aeolian landforms, studies on yardang are still lacking, with the amount of quantitative research being particularly inadequate. This lack of research data prevents a better understanding of the evolutionary process of yardang landforms. In order to quantify the morphological characteristics of Bailongdui Yardang in Lop Nur, northwest China, the length, width, and length/width ratio (R value) of 1000 yardangs in four subregions of Bailongdui Yardang were measured and analyzed using data based on a series of remote sensing images. The results show that the characteristics of length, width, and R value are similar in the four subregions. The average length of yardangs is 63.42 m, of which approximately 65% are in the length range from 25.00 m to 75.00 m; their average width is 13.97 m, with approximately 80% existing in the range from 5.00 m to 20.00 m. The average R value is 4.37, with 80% existing in the range between 2.00 and 6.00. Yardangs with similar R value are developed under specific wind field conditions; in the case of those yardangs with an R value of 4.00, the Bailongdui Yardangs were eroded to a stable shape, and this shape is similar for all yardangs developed under specific wind field conditions. Besides the wind, other factors, in particular the stratigraphic lithology, surface salt crust, and extreme arid climate, are also important determining factors in the yardang’s formation.

Key words: yardang, morphology, genesis, Lop Nur

林桂权,林永崇,王雪萍. 新疆罗布泊地区白龙堆雅丹地貌形态特征及成因研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(5): 1309-1316.

LIN Guiquan,LIN Yongchong,WANG Xueping. Morphological characteristics and genesis of Bailongdui Yardang landforms in Lop Nur, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(5): 1309-1316.

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区域	长宽比（R值）	来源
罗布泊地区白龙堆	4.37	本研究
风洞试验	3.23	文献[14]
柴达木盆地大柴旦区域	3.84	文献[15]
柴达木盆地冷湖区域	7.00	文献[15]
柴达木盆地茫崖区域	2.68	文献[15]
柴达木盆地格尔木区域	3.00	文献[15]
柴达木盆地东南部	3.04	文献[36]
美国加尼福尼亚罗杰斯湖地区	4.00	文献[14]
西班牙东北部埃布罗地区	4.10	文献[19]
撒哈拉沙漠博尔库地区	10.00	文献[22]
秘鲁地区	3.00~10.00	文献[23]
乍得地区	20.00~30.00	文献[39]
安第斯山中部固化雅丹	20.00~40.00	文献[40]