高寒草甸光伏建设区植被覆盖度与地表温度的时空响应及其恢复机制——以青海塔拉滩为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.751

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1866-1876.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.751 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025751

高寒草甸光伏建设区植被覆盖度与地表温度的时空响应及其恢复机制——以青海塔拉滩为例

赵乐¹^,²^,³(), 施洋洋¹^,², 刘馨璐¹^,⁴, 李从娟¹()

¹ 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
² 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
³ 塔克拉玛干沙漠生态系统新疆野外科学观测研究站，新疆且末 841900
⁴ 新疆农业大学草业学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2025-11-24 修回日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-07
通讯作者: 李从娟（1982-），女，博士，研究员，主要从事荒漠化防治与生态恢复研究. E-mail: licj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:赵乐（2001-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事荒漠化防治与生态恢复研究. E-mail: zhaole24@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区“天山创新团队”(2024D14014);乌鲁木齐市“红山科创英才”项目(B241012003);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(2024A03010);中国华电集团有限公司科技项目(CHDKJ23-04-01-61)

Spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation coverage and land surface temperature in alpine meadow photovoltaic construction areas and their restoration mechanisms: A case of Tala Beach, Qinghai

ZHAO Le¹^,²^,³(), SHI Yangyang¹^,², LIU Xinlu¹^,⁴, LI Congjuan¹()

¹ Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ Taklimakan Desert Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Qiemo 841900, Xinjiang, China
⁴ College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-11-24 Revised:2026-01-05 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青海三江源高寒草甸是国家重要生态屏障，其生态系统敏感而脆弱。随着碳达峰碳中和战略推进，区域内光伏工程快速扩张并可能引发生态扰动。基于2016—2024年Sentinel-2、Landsat 8遥感影像及气象数据，综合采用Sen-Mann-Kendall趋势检验和结构方程模型（SEM）等方法，系统评估光伏建设对植被覆盖度（FVC）和地表温度（LST）的时空影响及作用机制。结果表明：（1）光伏建设导致FVC在建设期显著下降，而运行期逐步恢复；以2018年建设区为例，FVC差值由-0.0675恢复至-0.0138。（2）光伏区运行阶段呈持续冷却效应，其LST均低于缓冲区且在高温年份更突出。（3） Hurst指数表明光伏区FVC具有正向长期持续性，植被恢复具备稳定延续潜力。（4） SEM显示光伏建设通过降低LST间接促进FVC恢复，气候和地形则通过调节水热过程间接影响植被生长。总之，高寒草甸光伏建设区生态恢复由微环境改善、水热调节与植被正向反馈机制共同驱动，呈现出短期扰动、中期恢复、长期稳定的生态响应模式，该成果为高寒地区光伏开发与生态保护的协同优化提供科学依据。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 结构方程模型, 生态调节, 生态演变, 光伏建设

Abstract:

The Qinghai Sanjiangyuan alpine meadow serves as a crucial national ecological barrier, characterized by a highly sensitive and fragile ecosystem. With the advancement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategies, rapid expansion of photovoltaic projects in the region may induce ecological disturbances. Utilizing Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 remote sensing data along with meteorological records from 2016 to 2024, this study employed comprehensive methods including the Sen-Mann-Kendall trend test and structural equation modeling (SEM) to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal impacts and mechanisms of photovoltaic construction on vegetation coverage (FVC) and surface temperature (LST). Results indicate: (1) Photovoltaic construction significantly reduce FVC during construction phases, with gradual recovery thereafter; for instance, in the 2018 study area, the FVC difference decreased from -0.0675 to -0.0138. (2) Photovoltaic areas exhibit sustained cooling effects during operation, with LST consistently lower than that in buffer areas, particularly pronounced in hot years. (3) The Hurst index demonstrates long-term positive sustainability of FVC in photovoltaic areas, indicating stable vegetation recovery potential. (4) SEM analysis reveals that photovoltaic construction indirectly promotes FVC recovery by reducing LST, while climate and topography influence vegetation growth through water-heat regulation. In summary, ecological restoration in alpine meadow photovoltaic construction areas is driven by microenvironmental improvements, hydrothermal regulation, and positive vegetation feedback mechanisms, exhibiting a response pattern of short-term disturbance, medium-term recovery, and long-term stability. These findings provide scientific evidence for optimizing photovoltaic construction alongside ecological conservation in high-altitude regions.

Key words: fractional vegetation coverage, structural equation modeling, ecological regulation, ecological evolution, photovoltaic construction

赵乐, 施洋洋, 刘馨璐, 李从娟. 高寒草甸光伏建设区植被覆盖度与地表温度的时空响应及其恢复机制——以青海塔拉滩为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(9): 1866-1876.

ZHAO Le, SHI Yangyang, LIU Xinlu, LI Congjuan. Spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation coverage and land surface temperature in alpine meadow photovoltaic construction areas and their restoration mechanisms: A case of Tala Beach, Qinghai[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(9): 1866-1876.

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高寒草甸光伏建设区植被覆盖度与地表温度的时空响应及其恢复机制——以青海塔拉滩为例

Spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation coverage and land surface temperature in alpine meadow photovoltaic construction areas and their restoration mechanisms: A case of Tala Beach, Qinghai

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