塔里木盆地盐碱地时空变化特征及治理模式分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.368

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1168-1179.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.368 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025368

塔里木盆地盐碱地时空变化特征及治理模式分析

曹召林¹(), 冉多娟², 孙爱军¹^,³(), 李云凤¹, 张红¹, 孟福军¹, 李国辉², 王兴鹏¹^,³

¹ 塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
² 新疆生产建设兵团自然资源国土整治中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
³ 塔里木生态环境保护与修复研究院，新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2025-06-27 修回日期:2025-08-21 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-29
通讯作者: 孙爱军（1986-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事干旱区水文-绿洲演化与人地关系研究. E-mail: sunaj20@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:曹召林（1996-），男，硕士研究生，讲师，主要从事土壤修复研究. E-mail: 18252589720@163.com
基金资助:
南疆兵团盐碱未利用地综合利用课题研究(JWZB（2024）Z-502)

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and management model analysis of saline-alkali land in the Tarim Basin

CAO Zhaolin¹(), RAN Duojuan², SUN Aijun¹^,³(), LI Yunfeng¹, ZHANG Hong¹, MENG Fujun¹, LI Guohui², WANG Xingpeng¹^,³

¹ College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
² Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Center for Territorial Land Rehabilitation and Natural Resources, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
³ Tarim Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-06-27 Revised:2025-08-21 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地是我国盐碱地主要分布区，盐碱化问题严重制约了当地农业生产和生态安全。系统梳理了塔里木盆地盐碱地的形成机制、时空变化特征及治理技术研究进展。发现盆地盐碱化是自然因素与人为活动共同作用的结果，近年来盆地边缘绿洲区盐碱地面积显著减少且逐步呈碎片化分布，但治理潜力仍然很大。目前，盆地盐碱地治理手段比较单一，暗管排盐和耐盐作物种植等重要技术已初显成效，但是缺乏盐碱地治理综合技术集成体系。未来，需要结合高分辨率遥感技术，构建塔里木盆地盐碱化动态监测体系；结合盆地区域特色，发展“水-土-粮-草-畜”综合治理模式，进一步推动低成本盐碱水淡化与循环利用技术；并通过建立盐碱地治理示范区和样板地，加强对治理技术的推广，实现盐碱地综合治理与区域生态可持续发展。

关键词: 盐碱地, 成因机制, 时空分布, 综合治理, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The Tarim Basin is the primary distribution area of saline-alkali land in China, where severe salinization has become a critical constraint on local agricultural production and ecological security. In this paper, we systematically review the research progress on the formation mechanisms, spatiotemporal change characteristics, and management technologies of saline-alkali land in the Tarim Basin. Our findings indicate that salinization in the Tarim Basin results from the combined effects of natural factors and anthropogenic activities. In recent years, the saline-alkali land area in oasis zones along the basin’s periphery has markedly declined and exhibited an increasingly fragmented spatial distribution; however, the potential for remediation remains substantial. Currently, the basin employs a limited range of management strategies for saline-alkali land. Notable technologies, such as concealed pipe salt drainage and salt-tolerant crop cultivation, have yielded initial positive results, yet an integrated system of comprehensive saline-alkali land management technologies is lacking. Moving forward, it is essential to integrate high-resolution remote sensing technology to establish a dynamic monitoring system for salinization in the Tarim Basin. In addition, an integrated “water-soil-grain-forage-livestock” management model tailored to the regional characteristics of the Tarim Basin should be developed, further advancing low-cost saline-alkali water desalination and recycling technologies and establishing demonstration and pilot zones for saline-alkali land management to strengthen the dissemination of reclamation technologies, thereby achieving comprehensive saline-alkali land management and promoting the sustainable ecological development of the region.

Key words: saline-alkali land, formation mechanism, spatiotemporal distribution, integrated management, Tarim Basin

曹召林, 冉多娟, 孙爱军, 李云凤, 张红, 孟福军, 李国辉, 王兴鹏. 塔里木盆地盐碱地时空变化特征及治理模式分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(6): 1168-1179.

CAO Zhaolin, RAN Duojuan, SUN Aijun, LI Yunfeng, ZHANG Hong, MENG Fujun, LI Guohui, WANG Xingpeng. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and management model analysis of saline-alkali land in the Tarim Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(6): 1168-1179.

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塔里木盆地盐碱地时空变化特征及治理模式分析

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and management model analysis of saline-alkali land in the Tarim Basin

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