基于Alpha Shape算法的分散式乡村聚落形状划分及其形成研究——以米脂县龙镇为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.328

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了定量划分分散式乡村聚落的形状类型并探究其形成原因,以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区米脂县龙镇为例,尝试使用Alpha Shape算法对聚落形状进行提取,通过Boyce-Clark指数计算并划分聚落形状类型,最后结合多元线性回归和回归树的方法探究影响聚落形状的因素。结果表明：100 m滚动半径下,Alpha Shape算法能够提取76.1%聚落的精确轮廓;研究区乡村聚落形状类型可以分为块状矩形及其变种、延伸形、哑铃形和串珠形、带状矩形及其组合、线形5种,Boyce-Clark指数依次增加;高程和Boyce-Clark指数呈显著正相关,水资源可获取性与Boyce-Clark指数在高海拔地区呈负相关,聚落面积与Boyce-Clark指数先呈负相关后呈正相关。研究结果可为分散式聚落生活空间边界的划定提供参考,增进对黄土丘陵沟壑区分散式聚落形态的认识。

关键词: 乡村聚落, 形状类型, Alpha Shape算法, Boyce-Clark指数, 黄土丘陵沟壑区

Abstract:

To quantitatively classify the morphological types of dispersed rural settlements and explore the reasons for their formation, this study cites Long Town, Mizhi County, loess hilly-gully region in northern Shaanxi of China as an example, attempting to use Alpha Shape algorithm to extract the settlement contour, calculate and classify the settlement contour type using the Boyce-Clark index, and finally explore the factors that affect the settlement contour by combining numerous linear regression and regression tree methods. The results show that: with a rolling radius of 100 m, the Alpha Shape algorithm can extract 76.1% of the accurate contours of the settlements; the types of rural settlements in the study area can be divided into five types: block rectangle and its variants, extension, dumbbell and bead, ribbon rectangle and its combination, and linear. The Boyce-Clark index increases continuously; elevation and shape index are positively connected, water availability and shape index are negatively connected in high altitude areas, settlement area and shape index are first negatively connected and then positively connected. This study provides a reference for the delineation of the living space boundary of dispersed settlements and enhances the understanding of dispersed settlements in loess hilly-gully areas.

Key words: rural settlement, morphological type, Alpha Shape algorithm, Boyce-Clark index, loess hilly-gully region

王天宇,惠怡安,芮盼盼,师莹. 基于Alpha Shape算法的分散式乡村聚落形状划分及其形成研究——以米脂县龙镇为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(3): 946-954.

WANG Tianyu,HUI Yi’an,RUI Panpan,SHI Ying. Morphological types division and its formation of dispersed rural settlements based on Alpha Shape: A case of Long Town, Mizhi County[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 946-954.

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编号	形状	BC指数
1	圆形	0.000
2	正八边形1	1.960
3	正八边形2	2.060
4	菱形	9.656
5	正四边形	9.658
6	方状矩形1	25.286
7	方状矩形2	33.041
8	星形	34.852
9	H形	49.706
10	长条矩形	59.880
11	X形	66.366
12	带状矩形	90.851
13	线状矩形1	94.011
14	线状矩形2	122.404
15	直线	187.500

轮廓面数量	聚落名称
1	赵家畖村、沙畔村、山硷楞村、苏家沟村、塔占村、老榆山村、麻地沟村、麻山村、马湖峪村、皮条峁村、东坪墕村、杜家畔村、樊兴庄村、丰富墕村、冯庄村、高庄村、郭家砭村、贺家坡村、黑石窑村、后张兴庄村、艾家墕村、安寨村、白渠村、鲍庄村、曹山村、常兴庄村
2	玉皇阁村、寨山村、张家湾村、张兴庄村、崖窑沟村、新窑沟村、赵兴庄村、前中庄村、西高庙山村、老庄村、李圪堆村、龙峁村、黄家畖村、狼后沟村、陈家墕村

影响因子	标准化系数	显著性	VIF
高程	1.179	0.036^**	17.392
坡度	-2.037	0.199	145.989
面积	0.085	0.676	2.496
曲率	-0.416	0.180	5.557
交通可达性	-0.235	0.150	1.539
水资源可达性	0.475	0.016^**	2.115
人口	0.066	0.692	1.660
宗族	0.021	0.894	1.421
高程变异系数	2.108	0.257	202.626
地形起伏度	6.628	0.104	950.914
地表切割深度	-6.838	0.075^*	835.207
粗糙度	0.298	0.680	31.111