居住环境剥夺测度及其对房价的影响——以兰州市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.441

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小区是居民日常生活和构建社会关系的重要场所,由于居住环境差异,导致剥夺现象发生。为探究居住环境剥夺对房价的作用机制,构建居住环境剥夺测度体系,创新了居住环境剥夺指数计算方法,运用混合地理加权回归模型和地理探测器分析居住环境剥夺与房价的关系。结果表明：（1）兰州市平均房价为12566.93元·m^-2,空间上呈现出多核心、组团式分布格局,表现为从核心向外逐级递减的趋势。（2）基于6个维度服务设施数量和种类差异,居住环境剥夺也呈现出不同空间分布格局。（3）所有服务剥夺均与房价呈负相关,教育服务剥夺对房价影响力最强,生活服务剥夺对房价影响力最弱,教育和交通服务剥夺交互作用对房价解释力最强。研究结果对促进资源配置公平和城市健康快速发展至关重要。

关键词: 居住环境剥夺, 剥夺指数, 房价, 资源配置, 兰州市

Abstract:

Residential areas are important places for residents to build their daily lives and social relationships. Deprivation occurs due to differences in the living environments. To explore the mechanism of housing price fluctuations caused by residential environment deprivation, this paper constructs the measurement system of housing deprivation, evaluates the situation of housing deprivation in residential areas of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China, analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of housing prices in Lanzhou City, and analyzes the influencing factors of housing prices using a geographically weighted mixed regression model. The explanatory power of the interaction between service facilities for housing prices was also analyzed using a geographic detector. The conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) The spatial distribution pattern of housing prices in Lanzhou City is multi-core and collective, showing a gradual downward trend from the core of each region to the outside. (2) Deprivation of living and transportation services shows a regional distribution pattern. The deprivation of medical, educational, and leisure services presents an obvious spatial distribution pattern. In addition, the deprivation of entertainment services presents a multi-core spatial distribution pattern. Because of the different service facilities, the spatial distribution pattern of residential deprivation is also different. (3) The deprivation of each service facility has different explanatory power for housing prices. The interaction between two service facilities increases the explanatory power for housing prices nonlinearly.

Key words: deprivation of residential environment, deprivation index, housing prices, resource allocation, Lanzhou City

杜雨涵,赵海莉,原悦,李家亮,王家明. 居住环境剥夺测度及其对房价的影响——以兰州市为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(3): 966-975.

DU Yuhan,ZHAO Haili,YUAN Yue,LI Jialiang,WANG Jiaming. Measurement of residential environment deprivation and its impact on housing prices: A case of Lanzhou City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 966-975.

图/表 10

图1

图2

表1

居住环境剥夺指标体系设置"

剥夺维度	指标	服务半径/m	服务半径划分依据	计算说明
生活服务	超市	500	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到超市的路网距离
	商业街	500	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到商业街的路网距离
	邮局	500	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到邮局的路网距离
	银行	1000	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到银行的路网距离
	综合市场	1000	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到综合市场的路网距离
医疗服务	药店	500	《城市居住区规划设计标准》	小区到药店的路网距离
	保健场所	500	《城市居住区规划设计标准》	小区到保健场所的路网距离
	诊所	1000	《城市居住区规划设计标准》	小区到诊所的路网距离
	医院	1000	《城市居住区规划设计标准》	小区到医院的路网距离
教育服务	幼儿园	300	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到幼儿园的路网距离
	小学	500	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到小学的路网距离
	中学	1000	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到中学的路网距离
娱乐服务	KTV	500	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到KTV的路网距离
	影剧院	500	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到影剧院的路网距离
	度假场所	500	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到度假场所的路网距离
	运动馆	500	《居住区配套设施服务半径规范》	小区到运动馆的路网距离
交通服务	公交站	500	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到公交站的路网距离
交通服务	地铁站	500	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到地铁站的路网距离
休闲服务	运动广场	800	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到运动广场的路网距离
	水域	800	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到水域可接近点的路网距离
	公园绿地	800	《社区生活圈规划技术指南》	小区到公园绿地入口的路网距离

表1

图3

表2

单个设施剥夺指数权重设置"

取值范围	同心圆排列法权重（a_i）	层次分析法权重（b_i）	组合权重（w_i）
$R n = R m$	1	$b i$	$w i = a i b i / ∑ i = 1 n a i b i$
$0 < R n < R m, R m < R n < 2 R m$	$1 + R m - R n R m$	同上	同上
$R n ≥ 2 R m$	2	同上	同上

表2

图4

图5

图6

表3

表4

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剥夺维度	最小二乘回归模型（OLS）			混合地理加权回归模型（MGWR）
剥夺维度	标准化指数	T值	Sig.	平均值	标准误差	最小值	中位数	最大值
生活服务	-0.021	-0.972	0.031	-0.007	0.112	-0.230	-0.000	0.284
医疗服务	-0.087	-4.148	0.000	-0.039	0.118	-0.564	-0.022	0.408
教育服务	-0.147	-6.805	0.000	-0.088	0.203	-0.948	-0.070	0.865
娱乐服务	-0.101	-4.628	0.000	-0.042	0.205	-0.744	-0.025	0.446
交通服务	-0.075	-3.552	0.000	-0.057	0.159	-0.743	-0.053	0.291
休闲服务	-0.025	-1.255	0.010	-0.031	0.290	-0.804	-0.034	0.947

	生活服务	医疗服务	教育服务	娱乐服务	交通服务
医疗服务	0.8134^*
教育服务	0.8453^*	0.7919^*
娱乐服务	0.7314^*	0.7272^*	0.7991^*
交通服务	0.8449^*	0.8529^*	0.8000^*	0.8074^*
休闲服务	0.7612^**	0.6206^*	0.6627^**	0.6066^**	0.8449^**