气候变化对山地冰川旅游的影响与风险综述

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2025.695

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变暖形势下，冰川旅游的可持续性正面临严峻挑战。特别是在贫困的高寒地区，目的地旅游业高度嵌入地方经济发展结构，其经济依赖性与生态脆弱性相互叠加，气候变化对其影响更为显著。现有研究多停留于冰川消融对旅游资源影响的表层描述，尚未深入揭示气候变化对冰川旅游中的影响如何演化为风险。通过回顾与综述气候变化对冰川旅游影响和风险的相关科学文献，旨在梳理冰川旅游研究的主要脉络与知识演进，力求对今后研究有所启发。结果表明：（1）现有研究大多聚焦于气候变化对旅游目的地的影响，较少探讨气候变化对客源地与旅游活动之间的影响和互动关系。（2）气候变化不仅会威胁旅游活动的安全性，改变游客行为模式，还对依赖冰川旅游的自然生态、地方经济和社会系统产生不可逆影响。尤其在高山地区，基础设施受损和游客流失加剧了地方系统的脆弱性。（3）通过提出影响-风险分析路径，首先揭示气候变化对旅游条件的改变，再据此探讨风险的形成与演化，以实现从影响识别到风险评估的逻辑递进。（4）未来有必要从旅游系统的客源地视角出发，将游客、目的地管理者与地方社区等不同主体纳入同一分析框架，系统比较其差异化脆弱性与适应能力。同时，通过融合地理学、旅游学和气候科学等多学科交叉方法，进一步揭示气候变化对旅游业供给与需求双侧及其相互作用的复杂影响。

关键词: 冰川旅游, 气候变化, 旅游系统, 影响, 风险

Abstract:

In the context of global climate warming, the sustainability of glacier tourism is faced with major challenges. This is particularly evident in economically disadvantaged high-altitude regions, where tourism destinations are deeply embedded in local economic development structures. Strong economic dependence on tourism and inherent ecological vulnerability of these regions are mutually reinforcing, which exacerbates the impacts of climate change. Previous studies have mainly focused on descriptive narratives of the influence of glacier retreat on tourism resources and overlook the impacts of climate change as they evolve into risks in the context of glacier tourism systems. By reviewing and synthesizing the scientific literature on the impacts and risks of climate change associated with glacier tourism, this study aims to elucidate major research trajectories and knowledge evolution in glacier tourism studies and provide insights for future research. The results demonstrate that: (1) The existing studies primarily underscore the impacts of climate change on tourism destinations and conduct limited exploration of the interactions among climate change, tourist source regions, and tourism activities. (2) Moreover, climate change not only threatens the safety of tourism activities and alters patterns in tourist behavior but also leads to irreversible impacts on the natural environment, local economies, and social systems that depend on glacier tourism. Particularly in high-altitude regions, damage to infrastructure and loss of tourists exacerbate the vulnerability of local systems. (3) Therefore, this study proposes an impact-risk analytical pathway that firstly identifies the mechanisms through which climate change alters tourism conditions, then it examines the formation and evolution of risks, thereby achieving a logical progression from impact identification to risk assessment. (4) For future studies, it recommends the adoption of a tourist source-destination system perspective that integrates the roles of tourists, destination managers, and local communities, thereby enabling systematic comparisons of the differentiated vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities of these components. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches that integrate geography, tourism studies, and climate science are required to further reveal the complex impacts of climate change on the supply and demand sides of tourism, as well as the interaction between both sides.

Key words: glacier tourism, climate change, tourism system, impact, risk

张博, 徐红罡. 气候变化对山地冰川旅游的影响与风险综述[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(3): 474-483.

ZHANG Bo, XU Honggang. A review of the impacts and risks of climate change on mountain glacier tourism[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(3): 474-483.

图/表 1

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