Basic public services are the basic needs for the survival and development of citizens.As the core area of Xinjiang,China and the important node in the Silk Road,Urumqi-Changji region is an important gateway for the development of China’s economy to the west and a window for foreign cultural exchanges.Accelerating the construction of basic public services that are suitable for the level of economic and social development is of great significance to promoting the coordinated development of Urumqi-Changji region and achieving the overall goal of social stability and long-term stability in Xinjiang.This paper regards basic public services as a living resource and studies its configuration problem from the perspective of mismatch,using the entropy method and healthy distance model to study the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of basic public service mismatch in Urumqi-Changji region from 2007 to 2016.The research results can provide basis for further promoting the equalization of basic public services in Urumqi-Changji region.We discovered that the average degree of mismatch of basic public services is found to be significantly reduced.It was 0.759 in 2007,which is a high degree of mismatch,and it became 0.573 in 2016,which indicated a low mismatch.In 2007,the proportion of cities and counties with a high degree of mismatch was 87.5%,while in 2016,the proportion of cities and counties with high basic public service but yet higher mismatch was only 25%.Overall,the basic public service status of cities and counties has improved,but the proportion of basic public service mismatches in 2016 was still as high as 75%,indicating that there are still many cities and counties in Urumqi-Changji region where the basic public services are not coordinated.In the aspect of time,the mismatch includes three phases,the highly mismatch dominated stage (2007—2011) when the proportion of the cities and counties with a high degree of mismatch was much higher,the mismatch decline stage (2012—2014) when there were a mixture of various mismatch status such as high degree of mismatch,higher mismatch,moderate mismatch,and low mismatch mixed exist in this stage,and the moderate mismatch stage (2015—2016) when the proportion of moderately mismatched cities and counties was relatively large;The basic public service configuration was gradually improved,but the overall mismatch degree was not good.From the space’s perspective,the spatial pattern change of the mismatch displayed a trend from balanced high mismatch to unbalanced low to medium mismatch,and gradually formed a “Bird” pattern where the “The Wings” represented the situations when the basic public services were mostly in a high degree of mismatch or higher degree of mismatch,while the “Core” represented a good or excellent condition regarding the mismatch.On the change trend,from the “Core” to the “The Wings” the mismatch was gradually changed,and the closer to the “Core”,the earlier the declining trend started.In terms of the indicators,the influencing factors included mainly the proportion of general education schools,the number of hospitals per 10 thousands people,the number of health technicians in health centers,the number of public vehicles per capita,the per capita natural gas supply,the number of Internet users per million people,and the actual development macro conditions.These indicator factors reflect to some extent that the improvement of public service facilities is closely related to macro factors in the urbanization and economy development.
［1］SONG X Q,WEI D,YING L.Spatial spillover and the factors influencing public service supply in Sichuan Province,China［J］.Journal of Mountain Science,2014,11(5):1356-1371.
［2］刘蕾.基本公共服务均等化内涵研究述评［J］.长安大学学报(社会科学版),2009,11(1):69-73.［LIU Lei.Connotation of basic public services equalization［J］.Journal of Chan[JP8]g’[JP]an University(Social Science Edition）,2009,11(1):69-73.］
［3］BOYNE G,POWELL M,ASHWORTH R.Spatial equity and public services：An empirical analysis of local government finance in England［J］.Public Management Review,2001,3(1):19-34.
［4］[KG*3/4]OKORAFOR O A,THOMAS S.Protecting resources for primary health care under fiscal federalism:Options for resource allocation［J］.Health Policy Plan,2007,22(6):415-426.
［5］马慧强,韩增林,江海旭.我国基本公共服务空间差异格局与质量特征分析［J］.经济地理,2011,31(2):212-217.［MA Huiqiang,HAN Zenglin,JIANG Haixu.The characteristic and spatial differences of basic public services of cities at prefecture level and above in China［J］.Economic Geography,2011,31(2):212-217.］
［6］乔路明,赵林,吴迪,等.中国省际基本公共服务供给效率时空演变分析［J］.西北师范大学学报(自然科学版）,2018,54(1):84-91.［QIAO Luming,ZHAO Lin,WU Di,et al.The measure and characteristics of spatio-temporal evolution of basic public services supply efficiency in China［J］.Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science),2018,54(1):84-91.］
［7］孙建国,王红霞,张志华.兰州市基本公共服务水平的区域差异分析［J］.测绘科学,2017,42(5):70-75.［SUN Jianguo,WANG Hongxia,ZHANG Zhihua.An analysis of regional differences of basic public service level in Lanzhou City［J］.Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(5):70-75.］
［8］曹莎,刘邵权,彭立,等.四川省基本公共服务水平的空间格局及驱动机制［J］.中国科学院大学学报,2017,34(3):351-361.［CAO Sha,LIU Shaoquan,PENG Li,et al.Spatial pattern and mechanisms of basic public services in Sichuan［J］.Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,34(3):351-361.］
［9］KAIN J F.Housing segregation,negro employment and metropolitan decentralization［J］.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1968,82(2):175-197.
［10］GALSTER G C, KILLEN S P.The geography of metropolitan opportunity:A reconnaissance and conceptual framework［J］.Housing Policy Debate,1995,6(1):7-43.
［11］GRAND J L,CRIPPS M,MACHIN S,et al.Quasi-markets and social policy［J］.Economic Journal,1991,101(408):1256-1267.
［12］ORCHARD L.Managerialism,economic rationalism and public sector reform in Australia：Connections,divergences,alternatives［J］.Australian Journal of Public Administration,2010,57(1):19-32.
［13］周江评.“空间不匹配”假设与城市弱势群体就业问题:美国相关研究及其对中国的启示［J］.现代城市研究,2004,(9):8-14.［ZHOU Jiangping.Spatial mismatch hypothesis and employment of the disadvantaged social group:Research evolution in the U.S.and implications for China［J］.Modern Urban Studies,2004,(9):8-14.］
［14］赵渺希.多中心城市就业—居住的非完全结构匹配模型［J］.地理研究,2017,36(8):1531-1542.［ZHAO Yuxi.Hypothesis of incomplete-structural matching job-housing in a polycentric city［J］.Geographical Research,2017,36(8):1531-1542.］
［15］牛晓春,杜忠潮,李同昇.基于新型城镇化视角的区域城镇化水平评价——以陕西省10个省辖市为例［J］.干旱区地理,2013,36(2):354-363.［NIU Xiaochun,DU Zhongchao,Li Tongsheng.Evaluation of regional urbanization level based on new urbanization：A case of 10 provincial cities in Shaanxi Province［J］.Arid Land Geography,2013,36(2):354-363.］
［16］魏晓旭,赵军,魏伟,等.丝绸之路经济带中国段经济发展时空演化特征［J］.干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1300-1309.［WEI Xiaoxu,ZHAO Jun,WEI Wei,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of economic development in Chinese section of Silk Road Economic Belt［J］.Arid Land Geography,2015,38(6):1300-1309.］
［17］呼梦霞,杜宏茹,张小雷,等.基于主体功能区视角下新疆民生质量的区域差异及影响因素［J］.干旱区地理,2017,40(3):655-663.［HU Mengxia,DU Hongru,ZHANG Xiaolei,et al.Regional differences and influencing factors of the quality of Xinjiang people’s livelihood based on the major function zones［J］.Arid Land Geography,2017,40(3):655-663.］
［18］郑海松,石培基,康靖.甘肃省“五化”协同发展时空演变格局及影响因素分析［J］.干旱区地理,2018,41(4):874-884.［ZHENG Haisong,SHI Peiji,KANG Jing.Spatiotemproal evolution pattern and influencing factors in synergetic development of industrialization,urbanization,informatization,agricultural modernization and greenization in Gansu Province［J］.Arid Land Geography,2018,41(4):874-884.］
［19］赵林,张宇硕,张明,等.东北地区基本公共服务失配度时空格局演化与形成机理［J］.经济地理,2015,35(3):36-44.［ZHAO Lin,ZHANG Yushuo,ZHANG Ming,et al.The spatio-temporal evolution and formation mechanism of basic public service mismatch in Northeast of China［J］.Economic Geography,2015,35(3):36-44.］
［20］程兰花,杨德刚.乌昌地区医疗卫生资源失配度时空演化特征［J］.中国科学院大学学报,2018,35(3):382-390.［CHENG Lan,YANG Degang.Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of health resources mismatch in Urumqi-Changji Region［J］.Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,35(3):382-390.］
［21］赵林,吕晓,于伟,等.山东省基础教育资源配置时空演变特征与影响因素［J］.干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(6):43-49.［ZHAO Lin,LYU Xiao,YU Wei,et al.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of basic education resources allocation and the influencing factors in Shandong Province［J］.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(6):43-49.］
［22］郭小聪,代凯.国内近五年基本公共服务均等化研究:综述与评估［J］.中国人民大学学报,2013,27(1):145-154.［GUO Xiaocong,DAI Kai.Domestic research on equalization of basic public services in the recent five years:Summary and evaluation［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China,2013,27(1):145-154.］
［23］陈明星, 陆大道, 张华.中国城市化水平的综合测度及其动力因子分析［J］. 地理学报,2009,64(4):387-398.［CHEN Mingxing,LU Dadao,ZHANG Hua.Comprehensive evaluation and the driving factors of China’s urbanization［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(4):387-398.］
［24］陈高,代力民,范竹华,等.森林生态系统健康及其评估监测［J］.应用生态学报,2002,13(5):605-610.［CHEN Gao,DAI Limin,FAN Zhuhua,et al. On forest ecosystem health and its evaluation［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(5):605-610.］
