Water use efficiency of pioneer tree species in reclamation ecosystem of open-pit coal mine in loess hilly region
Received date: 2024-12-31
Revised date: 2025-02-18
Online published: 2025-07-04
Plant water-use efficiency (WUE), which measures the balance between carbon assimilation and water transpiration, serves as a vital indicator of how plants adapt to environmental constraints. This study investigated the dynamics of leaf WUE in pioneer tree species within a reclaimed ecosystem at the Pingshuo open-pit coal mine of Shanxi Province, a representative site in the loess hilly region of China. We focused on three dominant pioneer species: Pinus tabuliformis, Ulmus pumila, and Robinia pseudoacacia, across a chronosequence of reclamation ages (5, 15, 20, and 28 years). The study involved determining leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, C/N ratios, and long-term WUE as inferred from stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C). We also analyzed the relationship between leaf C/N stoichiometry and WUE. The results revealed the following. (1) Leaf C and N concentrations in R. pseudoacacia and U. pumila generally increased with reclamation age, whereas P. tabuliformis peaked in C and N levels at 15 and 20 years, respectively. P. tabuliformis had a significantly higher leaf C concentration and C/N ratio compared to U. pumila (P<0.05) but a lower N concentration compared to the other two tree species (P<0.05). R. pseudoacacia maintained the highest leaf N concentration among the species (P<0.05). (2) Intra-specific WUE varied significantly (P<0.05) with reclamation age: P. tabuliformis had the highest WUE at five years and the lowest at 28 years; U. pumila peaked at 28 years and was at its minimum at five years; R. pseudoacacia reached its maximum WUE at 15 years and minimum at five years. Inter-specifically, P. tabuliformis consistently exhibited higher WUE than both U. pumila and R. pseudoacacia. (3) Across all three species, leaf WUE showed significant positive correlations with leaf C concentration and C/N ratio, whereas its correlation with leaf N concentration was insignificant. These findings elucidate the species-specific WUE characteristics and adaptive physiological adjustments of pioneer trees during vegetation succession in the Pingshuo reclaimed mine area, offering a theoretical foundation for vegetation restoration efforts in open-pit coal mines within the loess hilly region.
WANG Shuang , YUAN Ye , YUAN Yuan , LI Qian , ZHAO Jiayu , YANG Rongxin , YANG Yuqing . Water use efficiency of pioneer tree species in reclamation ecosystem of open-pit coal mine in loess hilly region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025 , 48(7) : 1176 -1184 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.801
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