Glacier monitoring in Qomolangma Nature Reserve based on multi-source remote sensing data
Received date: 2022-11-26
Revised date: 2022-12-26
Online published: 2023-11-10
Glacier mass balance is a crucial indicator of climate change and is of great significance for assessing the regional ecological environment, thereby preventing and controlling glacier disasters. Based on Landsat series images, the ratio threshold method and visual interpretation method are applied to extract the glacier boundaries of Qomolangma Nature Reserve from 1990 to 2020. Moreover, the distribution and change characteristics of the glacier area in the past 30 years are investigated while the regional glacier deformation characteristics are monitored based on SBAS-InSAR technology to invert the changes in the glacier mass balance. The following results were observed. (1) From 1990 to 2020, the glacier area in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve continuously retreated, with this trend becoming much more prevalent in the last 10 years. Moreover, the total glacier area shrank by 247.16 km2 with a change rate of -18.92%. (2) The glaciers in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve were mostly situated at an altitude of 5400-6200 m and a slope of 10°-15°, and the highest ice loss occurred at an altitude of 5400-5600 m and a slope of 10°-15°. (3) In 2020, the average glacier deformation rate was between -129.069 mm·a-1 and 140.252 mm·a-1. The subsidence and surface deformation of glaciers are most severe at altitudes of 4200-4400 m and a slope of 40°-45°. (4) Rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation are believed to be the main causes of most glacier material losses in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve. Meanwhile, spatial climate and topographic differences may affect mass balance changes.
Qin JI , Cuilan ZHANG , Yuekai DING , Xiangqin CAO , Wenli LIANG . Glacier monitoring in Qomolangma Nature Reserve based on multi-source remote sensing data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023 , 46(10) : 1591 -1601 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.624
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