Abstract: The water of Keliya River come from the glacier of north slope in the middle of Kunlun Mountain. It is longer inland river. The auther took part in the comprehensive investigation group to Taklamakan Desert. He priliminary discussed the geomorphological character and evolution on Keliya River. His views are as follows：（1）Development of keliya River was clearly controled by tectonic fault. After kunlun Mountain Was risen in middle pleistocene epoch. Ice-snow founction quickly developced, plenty of water strongly cut rock Stratum, and join into Tarim River（2）In past historical period, the general trend of climate changing is more arid, main activity from human being developed along river. With speedly rising of mountain from late period of Quarternary, and developing to extremely high frigid zone desert, ice-snow water from source is getting less and less, Activity from human being in the middle reaches is quickly expanding, the river bed in reaches is changing greatly. All of this condition make keliya River stop flowing and decrease runoff in Keliya River. （3）Keliya River is locolated at center part in rhombus massif, it become the zone of joining and compounding of northwest wind and northeast wind. It bring up wind-sand landforms along two side of river in different way to arrange, compuand and make up. It is rare desert geomorphological type in our country.