西藏高原人体舒适度指数时空变化特征分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.224

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on daily meteorological data from 38 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2020 and climate data with a spatial resolution of 30 seconds (approximately 1 km²) from 1970 to 2000 in the Xizang Plateau, China, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the comfort index of human body (ICHB) and comfort index of human body in plateau (PICHB). The results showed that: (1) Over the past 40 years, the ICHB in Xizang showed a noticeable upward trend. The overall increase rate of ICHB in the Xizang Plateau was 0.76·(10a)^-1, with regional increase rates ranging from 0.57·(10a)^-1 to 0.98·(10a)^-1. (2) The annual and seasonal increase rates in ICHB followed the order, west>north>northeast>southeast>central and southern edge, and winter>autumn>spring>summer. (3) The PICHB indicated a cold and extremely uncomfortable environment, with severe plateau reactions mainly distributed in the mountains of the northern, western, and northeastern regions of the Xizang Plateau. Cold, uncomfortable, and severe plateau response areas were mainly distributed on the northern, central, and southern mountain edges. The cold, uncomfortable, and moderate plateau response areas were mainly distributed at lower altitudes on the northern, central, and southern margins. Cool, uncomfortable, and mild plateau response areas were mainly distributed southeast and east of the southern edge. Areas that were neither cold nor hot, felt comfortable, and had no plateau reactions were mainly distributed in southern Cona County and southern Medog County. In general, with the warming and humidifying climate trend in the Xizang Plateau, the ICHB significantly increased, and the PICHB shifted to a more comfortable state.

Key words: high altitude reaction index in plateau, comfort index of human body, comfort index of human body in plateau, Xizang Plateau

LI Jihong, ZHOU Kanshe, ZHANG Dongdong, PUBU Duoji, ZHANG Weihua, SHI Jiqing. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of comfort index of human body in Xizang Plateau[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(6): 980-992.

Figures/Tables 12

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等级	ICHB	级别	人体反应特征
-5	ICHB≤0	冷	极冷，极不舒适、极易冻伤
-4	0<ICHB≤25	冷	寒冷，特不舒适，有冻伤危险
-3	25<ICHB≤38	冷	冷，不舒适，注意防寒保暖
-2	38<ICHB≤50	凉	凉，较不舒适，需注意保暖
-1	50<ICHB≤55	凉	凉爽，较舒适
0	55<ICHB≤70	舒适	不冷不热，感觉很舒适
1	70<ICHB≤75	舒适	暖和，较舒适
2	75<ICHB≤80	热	热，较不舒适，需适当降温
3	80<ICHB≤85	热	炎热，不舒适，需注意防暑降温
4	85<ICHB≤90	酷热	酷热，特不舒适，易中暑，需注意防暑降温
5	90<ICHB	酷热	极其酷热，极不舒适，极易中暑

高原反应等级	高原反应指数（P）	海拔/m	反应级别	反应等级描述	人体反应及建议
0	P≤0.20	≤2000	无反应	无反应	无高原反应
1	0.20<P≤0.27	2001~2700	轻度	轻微度	极少数人轻微高原反应
2	0.27<P≤0.30	2701~3000	轻度	中轻度	部分人有微弱高原反应、有危急性疾病的人勿入
3	0.30<P≤0.33	3001~3300	轻度	重轻度	多数人有轻度高原反应，个别人中度反应，有慢性病或身体特别虚弱的人勿入
4	0.33<P≤0.36	3301~3600	中度	轻中度	大部分人有轻中度持续性高原反应，部分人中度反应，身体虚弱的人勿入
5	0.36<P≤0.40	3601~4000	中度	中中度	绝大部分人有中度以上高原反应，身体较差的人慎入
6	0.40<P≤0.50	4001~5000	中度	重中度	都有中度以上高原反应，身体一般的人慎入
7	0.50<P≤0.60	5001~6000	重度	轻重度	重度高原反应，绝大部分人不适应，谨慎冒险
8	0.60<P≤0.70	6001~7000	重度	中重度	生命禁区，行动和用脑困难，禁止冒险
9	P>0.70	>7000	重度	极重度	身体不能正常代谢，为高山死亡带，只允许专业登山运动员进入

区域	天数及占比	舒适度等级
区域	天数及占比	-5（极冷极不舒适）	-4（寒冷特不舒适）	-3（冷不舒适）	-2（凉较不舒适）	-1（凉爽较舒适）	0（舒适）	1（暖和较舒适）
西藏高原	天数/d	0	29	133	139	49	15	0
西藏高原	占比/%	0	7.9	36.3	38.2	13.4	4.2	0
西部	天数/d	0	48	147	120	50	0	0
西部	占比/%	0	13.2	40.2	32.9	13.0	0	0
北部	天数/d	0	71	155	139	0	0	0
北部	占比/%	0	19.5	42.4	38.1	0	0	0
中部	天数/d	0	0	92	161	112	0	0
中部	占比/%	0	0	25.2	44.1	30.7	0	0
南部边缘	天数/d	0	54	169	142	0	0	0
南部边缘	占比/%	0	14.8	46.3	38.9	0	0	0
东北部	天数/d	0	0	158	125	82	0	0
东北部	占比/%	0	0	43.3	34.2	22.5	0	0
东南部	天数/d	0	0	74	149	50	92	0
东南部	占比/%	0	0	20.3	40.8	13.7	25.2	0

时段	指数变化	西藏高原	西部	北部	中部	南部边缘	东北部	东南部
年	ICHB	39.6	37.7	34.1	44.2	34.7	41.3	45.4
年	倾向率/(10a)^-1	0.76^*	0.98^*	0.91^*	0.57^*	0.57^*	0.80^*	0.72^*
春季	ICHB	39.3	36.9	34.3	44.5	33.8	41.2	44.8
春季	倾向率/(10a)^-1	0.59^*	1.05^*	0.58^*	0.47^*	0.45^*	0.62^*	0.64^*
夏季	ICHB	50.3	50.1	45.5	53.6	44.5	52.3	55.8
夏季	倾向率/(10a)^-1	0.53^*	0.60^*	0.65^*	0.42^*	0.38^*	0.65^*	0.56^*
秋季	ICHB	40.5	39.0	34.8	44.8	35.9	41.7	46.6
秋季	倾向率/(10a)^-1	0.79^*	1.04^*	1.04^*	0.64^*	0.65^*	0.79^*	0.77^*
冬季	ICHB	30.2	26.1	24.5	36.5	26.2	31.8	36.0
冬季	倾向率/(10a)^-1	1.03^*	1.35^*	1.36^*	0.70^*	0.84^*	1.13^*	0.87^*

气候区	面积及占比	等级
气候区	面积及占比	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
西藏高原	面积/10³ km²	33.43	14.55	7.60	9.69	14.31	38.01	628.81	476.01	5.95	0.02
西藏高原	占比/%	2.72	1.18	0.62	0.79	1.17	3.09	51.19	38.75	0.48	0.01
西部	面积/10³ km²	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.22	1.39	170.41	194.69	3.95	0.00
西部	占比/%	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.06	0.37	45.98	52.51	1.06	0.00
北部	面积/10³ km²	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.05	0.45	220.74	154.47	0.44	0.00
北部	占比/%	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.12	58.68	41.06	0.12	0.00
中部	面积/10³ km²	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07	1.01	7.22	73.21	70.73	0.56	0.00
中部	占比/%	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.66	4.73	47.91	46.28	0.37	0.00
南部边缘	面积/10³ km²	17.44	5.40	1.68	1.62	1.77	3.62	43.25	27.80	0.84	0.01
南部边缘	占比/%	16.74	5.18	1.61	1.56	1.70	3.47	41.57	26.68	1.48	0.01
东北部	面积/10³ km²	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.63	2.02	8.23	54.34	8.85	0.03	0.00
东北部	占比/%	0.00	0.00	0.12	0.85	2.72	11.10	73.25	11.92	0.04	0.00
东南部	面积/10³ km²	16.01	9.14	5.84	7.27	9.24	17.11	66.85	19.47	0.13	0.00
东南部	占比/%	10.59	6.05	3.85	4.82	6.12	11.32	44.26	12.90	0.09	0.00

Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of comfort index of human body in Xizang Plateau

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ICHB	等级	等级（海拔/m）
ICHB	等级	0（≤2000）	1（2001~ 2700）	2（2701~ 3000）	3（3001~ 3300）	4（3301~ 3600）	5（3601~ 4000）	6（4001~ 5000）	7（5001~ 6000）	8（6001~ 7000）	9（>7000）
ICHB<0	-5	-50	-51	-52	-53	-54	-55	-56	-57	-58	-59
0<ICHB≤25	-4	-40	-41	-42	-43	-44	-45	-46	-47	-48	-49
25<ICHB≤38	-3	-30	-31	-32	-33	-34	-35	-36	-37	-38	-39
38<ICHB≤50	-2	-20	-21	-22	-23	-24	-25	-26	-27	-28	-29
50<ICHB≤55	-1	-10	-11	-12	-13	-14	-15	-16	-17	-18	-19
55<ICHB≤70	0	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09
70<ICHB≤75	1	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
75<ICHB≤80	2	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29
80<ICHB≤85	3	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39
85<ICHB≤90	4	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49
90<ICHB	5	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59

PICHB	-40	-41	-42	-43	-44	-45	-46	-47	-48	-49
面积/10³ km²	0.002	0.005	0.001	0.001	0.050	1.185	342.369	397.706	6.637	0.059
占比/%	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.096	27.871	32.376	0.540	0.005
PICHB	-30	-31	-32	-33	-34	-35	-36	-37	-38	-39
面积/10³ km²	0.034	2.182	5.039	8.942	14.210	36.717	283.729	79.516	0.013	0.000
占比/%	0.003	0.178	0.410	0.728	1.157	2.989	23.098	6.474	0.001	0.000
PICHB	-20	-21	-22	-23	-24	-25	-26	-27	-28	-29
面积/10³ km²	14.797	12.395	2.622	0.845	0.185	0.096	0.014	0.002	0.001	0.000
占比/%	1.205	1.009	0.213	0.069	0.015	0.008	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
PICHB	-10	-11	-12	-13	-14	-15	-16	-17	-18	-19
面积/10³ km²	13.132	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
占比/%	1.069	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
PICHB	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
面积/10³ km²	5.889	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
占比/%	0.479	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000