黄土沟壑区黑麦草植被冠层与根系坡面水沙效益及水力特性

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.154

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on artificial rainfall simulations and the canopy structure, root structure, and bare slope structure of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), analysis on runoff and sediment yield patterns on a slope, changes in hydraulic indicator distribution, and the relationship between slope erosion and hydraulic characteristics were conducted through setting various rainfall intensities (30 mm·h^-1, 60 mm·h^-1, and 90 mm·h^-1) and different lower-bedding surfaces (1°, 3°, and 5°). Consequently, the patterns of runoff and sand yield, as well as the hydraulic characteristics of different slopes in varied grass structures, were revealed. The findings show that as rainfall intensities and slope gradients change, the full vegetation structure has the lowest rate of runoff and sand yield, followed by the root structure, and the bare slope has the highest rate. In terms of contribution to runoff reduction, the ryegrass canopy outperforms the root structure, with the average contribution rate of the canopy and root structure to runoff reduction reaching 62% and 38%, respectively. For contribution to sand reduction, the root structure is superior to that of the canopy structure. The average contribution of the canopy and root structure to sand reduction can reach 37% and 65% separately. The abovementioned runoff and sand yield patterns demonstrate the effectiveness of the herbaceous canopy and root structure in preventing erosion. Reynolds number and water power, as applicable hydraulic parameters, have shown notable correlations with runoff rate and sediment yield (P<0.01). This study can provide theoretical and experimental references for optimizing water and soil conservation benefits and analyzing hydraulic characteristics under varied grass structures.

Key words: underlying grass surface, artificial rainfall, runoff and sand yield, runoff and sand reduction, slope erosion, hydraulic characteristics

JIAO Ruoyu,SONG Xiaoyu,ZHAO Xinkai,LI Lanjun,FU Chong,ZHANG Zhixu,WANG Shaona. Runoff and sediment yield benefits and hydraulic characteristics of perennial ryegrass plantation canopy and root slope in the Loess Plateau[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(1): 208-218.

Figures/Tables 13

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

References 31

[1]	朱燕琴, 赵志斌, 齐广平, 等. 陇中黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复模式下次降雨产流产沙特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(4):920-927.
	[Zhu Yanqin, Zhao Zhibin, Qi Guangping, et al. Characteristics of slope runoff and sediment of different vegetation restoration patterns under individual rainfall events in hilly and gully loess region in middle Gansu Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(4):920-927. ]
[2]	姚雪玲, 杨国靖, 王帅, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区不同深度土壤水分对降雨的响应及其稳定性[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(2):507-513.
	[Yao Xueling, Yang Guojing, Wang Shuai, et al. Soil moisture response and stability to rainfall in different depths in Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2):507-513. ]
[3]	赵令, 苏涛, 李杰卫, 等. 采煤沉陷区地表水土流失时空演化研究[J]. 煤矿安全, 2019, 50(4):37-40.
	[Zhao Ling, Su Tao, Li Jiewei, et al. Temporal and spatial evolution of surface soil erosion in mining subsidence areas[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2019, 50(4):37-40. ]
[4]	高健翎, 高燕, 马红斌, 等. 黄土高原近70 a水土流失治理特征研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2019, 41(11):65-69, 84.
	[Gao Jianling, Gao Yan, Ma Hongbin, et al. Study on characteristics of soil and water loss control in Loess Plateau in recent 70 years[J]. Yellow River, 2019, 41(11):65-69, 84. ]
[5]	亢小语, 张志强, 陈立欣, 等. 自动基流分割方法在黄土高原昕水河流域适用性分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(1):92-101.
	[Kang Xiaoyu, Zhang Zhiqiang, Chen Lixin, et al. Applicability of automatic baseflow separation method in Xinshui River Basin of the Loess Plateau, northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(1):92-101. ]
[6]	王夏青, 夏梦婷, 许建伟, 等. 黄土高原北部丘陵沟壑区近160年土壤侵蚀量演变及其对ENSO事件的响应[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(7):1174-1183. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.07.016
	[Wang Xiaqing, Xia Mengting, Xu Jianwei, et al. Erosion flux change and its response to ENSO events during the past 160 years within the hill-gully area at the northern Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(7):1174-1183. ] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.07.016
[7]	王天宇, 吴凯, 洪倩, 等. 基于差分主成分分析的特高压输变电工程线路施工道路水土保持监测研究[J]. 矿产勘查, 2020, 11(4):842-847.
	[Wang Tianyu, Wu Kai, Hong Qian, et al. Study on soil and water conservation monitoring of UHV transmission in econstruction road based on differential principal component analysis[J]. Mineral Exploration, 2020, 11(4):842-847. ]
[8]	黄文丹. 九龙江北溪水土流失现状及防治对策[J]. 亚热带水土保持, 2018, 30(3):41-43.
	[Huang Wendan. Present situation of soil and water loss in Beixi of Jiulong River and its control countermeasures[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 30(3):41-43. ]
[9]	Roundy B A, Farmer M, Olson J. Runoff and sediment response to tree control and seeding on a high soil erosion potential site in Utah: Evidence for reversal of an abiotic threshold[J]. Ecohydrology, 2017, 10(1):e1775, doi: 10.1002/eco.1775. doi: 10.1002/eco.1775
[10]	Soulis K X, Ntoulas N, Nektarios P A, et al. Runoff reduction from extensive green roofs having different substrate depth and plant cover[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2017(102):80-89.
[11]	王葆, 程金花, 王文凯, 等. 北京北部褐土区2种典型植物措施减流减沙效应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2017, 31(3):56-61.
	[Wang Bao, Cheng Jinhua, Wang Wenkai, et al. Effects of two typical plant measures on runoff and sediment reduction in a cinnamon soil region in northern Beijing[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(3):56-61. ]
[12]	Li P, Xu G, Lu K, et al. Runoff change and sediment source during rainstorms in an ecologically constructed watershed on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 664:968-974. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.378
[13]	王晓瑜, 郭艳娥, 冯希, 等. AM真菌与禾草内生真菌对黑麦草抗旱性的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018, 35(2):380-390.
	[Wang Xiaoyu, Guo Yan’e, Feng Xi, et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and a grass endophyte on the drought tolerance of perennial ryegrass[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(2):380-390. ]
[14]	Liang S X, Jin Y, Liu W, et al. Feasibility of Pb phytoextraction using nano-materials assisted ryegrass: Results of a one-year field-scale experiment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 190:170. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.064
[15]	马腾, 韩玲, 刘全明. 考虑地表粗糙度改进水云模型反演西班牙农田地表土壤含水率[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(24):129-135.
	[Ma Teng, Han Ling, Liu Quanming. Inversion of surface soil moisture content of Spanish farmland using modified water cloud model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(24):129-135. ]
[16]	Cheng P, Zhao L, Li Q, et al. Water inflow prediction and grouting design for tunnel considering nonlinear hydraulic conductivity[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019, 9(23):1-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02829091
[17]	陈心逸, 李丽, 佘冬立. 砾石覆盖条件下盐碱土边坡降雨侵蚀水动力学特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(1):116-120.
	[Chen Xinyi, Li Li, She Dongli. Hydrodynamic characteristics of rainfall runoff on saline-alkali slope covered by gravel[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(1):116-120. ]
[18]	肖姚, 秦浩, 宋文武, 等. 较大雷诺数下方柱绕流的数值模拟[J]. 动力工程学报, 2017, 37(8):679-684.
	[Xiao Yao, Qin Hao, Song Wenwu, et al. Numerical simulation of the flow around a square cylinder at higher Reynolds numbers[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2017, 37(8):679-684. ]
[19]	甘凤玲, 何丙辉, 覃自阳. 喀斯特槽谷区的顺/逆层坡面对水动力学参数的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2019, 56(4):825-837.
	[Gan Fengling, He Binghui, Qin Ziyang. Effect of bedding slope on hydrodynamic parameters in typical karst valley[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2019, 56(4):825-837. ]
[20]	崔胜寓. 不同下垫面条件的水土保持效益及机理研究——以南小河沟流域为例[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2017.
	[Cui Shengyu. Solid and water conversation benefit and mechanism of different underlying surface: A case study of Nanxiaohegou Basin[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2017. ]
[21]	魏忠平, 朱永乐, 汤家喜, 等. 模拟黑麦草植被缓冲带对径流中氮、磷以及悬浮颗粒物的截留效果研究[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2020, 51(3):328-334.
	[Wei Zhongping, Zhu Yongle, Tang Jiaxi, et al. Study of the reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended solids in simulated ryegrass vegetation buffer zone[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2020, 51(3):328-334. ]
[22]	崔中佳, 郑岩, 兰菲, 等. 断根对去叶黑麦草地上补偿性生长的影响[J]. 植物学研究, 2018, 7(6):550-557.
	[Cui Zhongjia, Zheng Yan, Lan Fei, et al. Effects of rooting on compensatory growth of defoliated rye grassland[J]. Botanical Research, 2018, 7(6):550-557. ]
[23]	Baumhardt R L, Römkens M J M, Whisler F D, et al. Modeling infiltration into a sealing soil[J]. Water Resources Research, 1990, 26(10):2497-2505. doi: 10.1029/WR026i010p02497
[24]	Morin J, Benyamini Y, Michaeli A. The effect of raindrop impact on the dynamics of soil surface crusting and water movement in the profile[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1981, 52(3-4):321-335. doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(81)90178-5
[25]	郭星星, 吕春娟, 陈丹, 等. 雨强和坡度对铁尾矿砂坡面复垦前后产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2019, 26(1):8-13.
	[Guo Xingxing, Lü Chunjuan, Chen Dan, et al. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff and sediment production on the slope before and after reclamation in iron tailings[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 26(1):8-13. ]
[26]	孙佳美, 余新晓, 李瀚之, 等. 模拟降雨下枯落物调控坡面产流产沙过程及特征那研究[J]. 水利学报, 2017, 48(3):341-350.
	[Sun Jiamei, Yu Xinxiao, Li Hanzhi, et al. Runoff and sediment yield process and characteristics research on litter slopes in simulated rainfall[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2017, 48(3):341-350. ]
[27]	张璐, 刘渊博, 雷孝章. 黑麦草密度对坡面水流阻力影响的试验研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2020, 39(6):99-106.
	[Zhang Lu, Liu Yuanbo, Lei Xiaozhang. The effects of ryegrass density on hydraulic resistance of slope against overland water flow[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2020, 39(6):99-106. ]
[28]	Thomaz E L, Pereira A A. Misrepresentation of hydro-erosional processes in rainfall simulations using disturbed soil samples[J]. Geomorphology, 2017, 286(4):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.03.001
[29]	邓龙洲, 张丽萍, 范晓娟, 等. 不同雨强和坡度下侵蚀性风化花岗岩母质坡地产流产沙特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(17):143-150.
	[Deng Longzhou, Zhang Liping, Fan Xiaojuan, et al. Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield under different rainfall intensities and slope gradients in erosive weathered granite area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2018, 34(17):143-150. ]
[30]	张光辉, 刘宝元, 何小武. 黄土区原状土壤分离过程的水动力学机理研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(4):48-52.
	[Zhang Guanghui, Liu Baoyuan, He Xiaowu. Study on hydro-dynamic mechanism of natural soil detachment in Loess Region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(4):48-52. ]
[31]	吕春娟, 郭岩松, 毕如田, 等. 不同复垦模式下铁尾矿坡面产流产沙与水力特性[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(2):156-165.
	[Lü Chunjuan, Guo Yansong, Bi Rutian, et al. Effects of different reclamation patterns on surface runoff, sediment yield and hydraulic characteristics of slopes in iron ore tailings[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(2):156-165. ]

土壤参数		数值
土壤颗粒组成占比/%	2.00~0.02 mm	76.85
	0.02~0.002 mm	23.15
	<0.002 mm	0.00
土壤理化性质	孔隙率/%	0.53
	干容重/g·cm^-3	1.50~1.90
	饱和含水量/%	0.45
	饱和度/%	86.60

水力参数	全植被坡面	根系坡面	裸坡坡面
水流深度/mm	5.791	2.435	2.087
雷诺数	230	214	201
弗劳德数	0.62	0.98	6.32
Dracy-weisbach阻力系数	9.25	5.05	0.18

水流系数	全植被坡面（冠层作用）			根系坡面（根系作用）
水流系数	30 mm·h^-1	60 mm·h^-1	90 mm·h^-1	30 mm·h^-1	60 mm·h^-1	90 mm·h^-1
水流剪切力/Pa	0.1011	1.1912	2.9835	0.0613	0.0922	1.7564
	0.1435	1.5978	3.3754	0.0931	0.9798	1.9985
	0.1624	2.3072	4.9385	0.1592	1.1329	2.0772
水流功率/N·m^-1·s^-1	0.0050	0.0835	0.3282	0.0058	0.0178	0.3478
	0.0115	0.1423	0.4286	0.0167	0.1931	0.5975
	0.0162	0.2468	0.6567	0.0302	0.3162	0.8226

水流系数	全植被坡面（冠层作用）			根系坡面（根系作用）
水流系数	1°	3°	5°	1°	3°	5°
水流剪切力/Pa	0.1011	0.1435	0.1624	0.0613	0.0931	0.1592
	1.1912	1.5978	2.3072	0.0922	0.9798	1.1329
	2.9835	3.3754	4.9385	1.7564	1.9985	2.0772
水流功率/N·m^-1·s^-1	0.0050	0.0115	0.0162	0.0058	0.0167	0.0302
	0.0835	0.1423	0.2468	0.0178	0.1931	0.3162
	0.3282	0.4286	0.6567	0.3478	0.5975	0.8226

水力参数	雨强30 mm·h^-1		雨强60 mm·h^-1		雨强90 mm·h^-1
水力参数	产流速率	产沙速率	产流速率	产沙速率	产流速率	产沙速率
水流流速	0.486^**	0.828^**	-0.192	-0.032	-0.601^**	0.422^**
雷诺数	0.999^**	0.415^**	0.996^**	0.693^**	0.995^**	-0.002
弗劳德数	0.168	0.782^**	0.352^*	0.108	-0.647^**	0.398^**
阻力系数	-0.250	-0.243	0.175	0.338^*	0.642^**	-0.185
水流剪切力	0.698^**	-0.086	0.607^**	0.504^**	0.808^**	-0.254
水流功率	0.999^**	0.413^**	0.999^**	0.671^**	0.999^**	-0.011

Runoff and sediment yield benefits and hydraulic characteristics of perennial ryegrass plantation canopy and root slope in the Loess Plateau

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 31

Related Articles 2

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

坡面处理		全植被	根系	裸坡
产流速率	雷诺数	y=0.07x-0.06	y=0.06x-0.12	y=0.07x-0.05
	雷诺数	R²=0.996	R²=0.997	R²=0.999
	水流剪切力	y=-9.17×10^-3x²+0.33x-1.76	y=-5.887×10^-3x²+0.3x-0.59	y=-2.5×10^-3x²+0.18x-1.03
	水流剪切力	R²=0.995	R²=0.998	R²=0.976
	水流功率	y=0.014x	y=0.014x	y=0.014x
	水流功率	R²=1	R²=1	R²=1
产沙速率	雷诺数	y=4.98x^0.72-22.36	y=0.17x^1.77-0.88	y=0.02x^2.33+0.53
	雷诺数	R²=0.985	R²=0.987	R²=0.915
	水流剪切力	y=-422.73e^-0.43^x+25.48	y=-88.88e^-0.06^x+0.024	y=-47.78e^-0.03^x+34.44
	水流剪切力	R²=0.245	R²=0.988	R²=0.645
	水流功率	y=0.017x^1.66+0.024	y=2.58x^0.64-24.3	y=-433.74x^-0.14+248.9
	水流功率	R²=0.926	R²=0.838	R²=0.735

[1]	CHENG Peng,SHEN Tiancheng,LUO Han,CHEN Qi,PANG Chaoyun,HUANG Shan. Statistical test and analysis of artificial rainfall enhancement effect in the upper Shiyang River Basin [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 962-970.
[2]	ZHAO Weidong, ZHANG Haonan, JIANG Qiong, WEI Jiajia, ZHENG Yong. Variation characteristics of loess erosion hillside under indoor artificial rainfall conditions [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(4): 867-875.