新疆畜牧业碳排放格局与公平性研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对新疆畜牧业碳排放进行相关研究，能够更好促进新疆低碳农业发展。运用碳排放系数法计算畜牧业碳排放量，从生产效率、经济效率两个方面构建畜牧业碳排放公平性评价模型，分析考察14个地（州、市）畜牧业碳排放的时空演变规律及公平性。结果显示：新疆畜牧业碳排放总量呈现波动上升态势，万元GDP碳排放量下降趋势明显；少数民族集聚区、水草资源丰富的地（州、市）碳排放量较大，二三产业发达、水草资源欠缺的地（州、市）碳排放量较小；畜牧业碳排放生产效率和经济效率的基尼系数分别为0.42和0.47，均处于“差距偏大”的不公平状态，超出了“0.4”的分配差距警戒线；从生产效率和经济效率对畜牧业碳排放公平性分类结果为：乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、吐鲁番市、哈密市四市和昌吉州属于“高-高”型，阿克苏地区、喀什地区属于“高-低”型，巴州、塔城地区属于“低-高”型，伊犁州直属、阿勒泰地区、博州、克州、和田地区属于“低-低”型。最后提出新疆发展低碳畜牧业的对策建议。

关键词: 畜牧业碳排放, 生产效率, 经济效率, 公平性, 新疆

Abstract: It is of great significance to study the carbon emission of livestock breeding in Xinjiang,China, which enriches the theoretical and empirical research content related to agricultural carbon emissions,and innovative practice of greenhouse gas carbon emissions from livestock farming,and also promotes the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Xinjiang. Carbon emission coefficient and equity evaluation model were used to calculate the carbon emissions of livestock breeding in Xinjiang during 1995-2015,and to analyze the fairness of carbon emission in livestock breeding in 14 prefectures from two aspects of production efficiency and economic efficiency. The results show that the total amount of carbon emissions from animal husbandry in Xinjiang has gone through three stages of development “ rising- falling-rising”,and the overall trend is on the rise,which increases from 324.90×10⁴ t to 524.31×10⁴ t. The per capita carbon emissions fluctuate slightly from 0.27 t to 0.22 t, the carbon emissions of per ten thousand yuan GDP decreases significantly from 3.95 to 0.73. The carbon emission is larger in the areas where the minority concentrates and the water and pasture are rich,while smaller in the areas where the secondary and tertiary industry are flourishing,but the water and pasture are short,Kashi has the highest amount of carbon emission while Karamay has the least in 2015. The equity of Carbon emissions of the animal husbandry is lower in Xinjiang,the Gini coefficient of production efficiency is 0.42,which is in the unfair state of“big gap”,the Gini coefficient of economic efficiency is 0.48,and it is also in the unfair state of“big gap”,the fairness between“production level carbon emission”and“economic level carbon emission”has exceeded the“0.4”distribution gap warning line. The production efficiency and economic efficiency of Urumqi,Karamay, Turpan,Hami and Changji are all greater than 1,which belongs to the“high-high”type,The production efficiency in Akesu and Kashi areas is greater than 1 but the economic efficiency is less than 1,which belongs to the “high-low”type,the production efficiency in Bazhou and Tacheng areas is less than 1,and the economic efficiency is greater than 1,which belongs to the“low-high”type. The production efficiency and economic efficiency of direct under Ili Prefecture and Altay,Bortala,Kizilsu,Hotan,Hetian area are less than 1,which belongs to the “low-low”type. The economic efficiency and production efficiency of 50% states are less than 1,because the resources have not been effectively configured,and the carbon emissions of animal husbandry affected the environmental equity. As Xinjiang is now in a critical period of agriculture and animal husbandry modernization,it will be necessary to reduce the carbon emission and boost the coordinated development of animal husbandry. In this paper,some suggestions are given as follows: firstly,the government should show concern for and give support to the low carbon development of animal husbandry;secondly,a demonstration park of low-carbon livestock breeding should be established;thirdly,establish a interregional carbon emissions trading system;at last,optimize the allocation of resources and promote the coordinated development of animal husbandry.

Key words: carbon emissions from animal husbandry, production efficiency, economic efficiency, fair, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

F326.3

唐洪松, 苏洋, 马惠兰, 汪晶晶. 新疆畜牧业碳排放格局与公平性研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(6): 1338-1345.

TANG Hong-song, SU Yang, MA Hui-lan, WANG Jing-jing. Spatial and temporal distribution and equity of carbon emissions from livestock in Xinjiang[J]. , 2017, 40(6): 1338-1345.

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