天山哈密榆树沟流域地下水化学特征及其来源

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据天山哈密榆树沟流域地下水的pH 值、总可溶性固体（TDS）、电导率（EC）和主要化学离子的测定，运用综合特征描述法、三角图示法、相关性分析和主要离子比值法，探讨了流域地下水的水化学特征及其形成原因。分析结果表明：地下水的pH 值为中性略偏碱性；阳离子中Ca²⁺ 质量浓度含量最高，阴离子中HCO₃^-浓度最高，阳离子质量浓度序列为Ca²⁺ >Na⁺ >Mg²⁺ >K⁺，阴离子质量浓度序列为HCO₃^->SO₄^2- >Cl^- >NO₃^-；该流域地下水主要离子类型为HCO₃^--Ca²⁺ ；TDS 含量分别为104.33 mg·L^-1和99 mg·L^-1，属于弱矿化度水；地下水中离子组成主要受碳酸盐风化作用的影响。

关键词: 地下水, 水化学类型, 离子来源, 水岩作用, 榆树沟流域

Abstract: The groundwater chemical characteristics for river basin have important influence on river and river basin water resources utilization. Through the research of groundwater chemical characteristics in Yushugou River basin, Hami, Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China, this paper aims to:(1)reveal the interaction mechanism of the groundwater environment; (2)discuss the evolution rule of groundwater in river basin; (3)provide basic data and data accumulation for the water chemistry research, water resources comprehensive utilization and protection of the ecological environment in the study area. According to the measurement of pH, TDS, EC and major ion composition of groundwater in Yushugou River basin, by combining comprehensive character description method, triangular diagrams of anions and cations, correlation analysis and main ion ratio method, this paper discussed the chemical characteristics and the reasons of groundwater. The results show that the groundwater is weak alkaline. The most main anion and cation are HCO₃^-and Ca²⁺, respectively. The concentration orders of cations and anions are Ca²⁺>Na⁺ >Mg²⁺>K⁺ and HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^- >NO₃^-, respectively. The hydrochemical type of groundwater is H₂CO₃-Ca²⁺. The average value of TDS is 104.33 mg·L^-1 in spring flood period and 99 mg·L^-1 in summer flood period, belonging to the weak water salinity. The ions composition in groundwater is mainly influenced by carbonate weathering. The correlations between TDS and Cl^-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Na⁺ in groundwater during spring flood period are very high, which shows that the salinity level in groundwater is mainly controlled by the six kinds of ions during the period. During summer flood period, the relationships between pH and Mg²⁺, K⁺ and TDS both present negative correlation. This indicates that dissolved concentration of magnesium salt and potassium salt in this period influence the groundwater pH value in some degree. We can judge the basin rarely influenced by agricultural and industrial pollution by the high correlation and less content of anion SO₄^2-and NO₃^-in groundwater. The cation exchange of groundwater during spring flood period is not significant while during summer flood period the cation exchange is very frequent. In the spring flood period, the ions mainly come from H₂CO₃ weathering carbonate rocks, with less affected by H₂SO₄ weathering carbonate rocks. In summer flood period, the weathering process is accompanied by a tiny amount of dissolved silicate rock.

Key words: groundwater, hydrochemical type, ion source, water-rock interaction, Yushugou River basin

中图分类号:

P342

王晓艳, 李忠勤, 蒋缠文. 天山哈密榆树沟流域地下水化学特征及其来源[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(2): 313-321.

WANG Xiao-yan, LI Zhong-qin, JIANG Chanwen. Chemical characteristic and sources of the groundwater in Yushugou River basin, Hami, Tianshan Mountains[J]. , 2017, 40(2): 313-321.

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