渭北旱塬苹果园内外温度变化特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究苹果不同生长阶段果园内外温度的变化特征, 利用小气候梯度自动测定系统定位观测果园冠层温度、树体温度、不同高度层的空气温度以及不同深度的土壤温度, 并与对照地的温度要素对比分析. 结果表明: 园内外温度日变化均呈单峰趋势, 冠层温度峰值出现时间与园外气温一致, 空气温度与树体温度较园外延迟1～2h. 园内土壤温度10cm最高, 其它层次变化与园外一致, 随深度增加而升高. 园内空气温度、冠层温度、土壤温度日较差在果树生长始期最大, 休眠期最小, 树体温度日较差生长始期最大结果期最小. 果园内外气温差在结果期最为明显最大达到3.0℃左右, 园内夜间高白天低. 冠层温度白天高于园外且在生长始期最显著, 夜间低于园外在结果期最为明显达到15.0℃左右. 树体温度与果园外温度差在生长始期最大达到7.0℃, 结果期最小. 生长始期和结果期园内土壤温度在12:00～22:00之间低于园外, 而休眠期则一直高于园外.

关键词: 渭北旱塬, 苹果, 果园, 温度

Abstract: Present research on variation characteristics of temperature in orchard only carried out with short-term observation and during apple growing season. The long-term observation and study on the variation characteristics of temperature during different growth phases for orchard, and comparative studies between the inside and outside orchard temperature changes were not even reported. In order to study the temperature variation characteristics of inside and outside orchard during different growth stages for apple orchard atWeibei dry highland, Shaaxi Province, China, from 2011 to 2013, positioning observe for canopy temperature, tree temperature, air temperature at different height levels and soil temperature in different depths both inside and outside the orchard was carried out with microclimate gradient automatic determination system, which were further compared with the temperature factors in the contrast plot. Results show that: the diurnal variation of temperature inside and outside both showed unimodal type; time of canopy temperature reaching maximum was the same as that outside orchard; time of air temperature and tree body temperature of inside orchard reaching maximum delayed 1-2 h than that outside orchard; soil temperature inside the orchard reached the highest at 10 cm depth, and changed consistently with the temperature outside the orchard at other depths. Air temperature, canopy temperature, daily range of soil temperature was the highest during the initial stage of growth and was the lowest during dormancy stage. Tree body temperature diurnal variation was the highest during the initial stage of growth and the lowest during fruit-set period. Air temperature difference between inside and outside orchard was the largest during fruit-set period with a difference value of 3.0℃. Air temperature inside the orchard during night time is higher than that during day time. Canopy temperature inside the orchard is higher than that outside the orchard during day time, which was the most remarkable characteristic during initial stage of growth. Canopy temperature was lower than that outside the orchard during night time, which is the most remarkable characteristic during fruit-set period with a difference value of 15.0℃. Difference of tree body temperature between inside and outside orchard was the highest during initial stage of growth at 7.0℃ and lowest during fruit-set period. Soil temperature inside the orchard was lower than that outside the orchard from 12:00 AM to 10:00 PM during initial stage of growth and fruit-set period, but soil temperature inside the orchard is higher than that outside during dormancy stage.

Key words: Weibei dry highland, apple, orchard, temperature

中图分类号:

S161.2

屈振江, 郑小华, 王景红, 梁轶. 渭北旱塬苹果园内外温度变化特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(2): 301-308.

QU Zhen-jiang, ZHENG Xiao-hua, WANG Jing-hong, LIANG Yi. Characteristics of temperature variation in and out of apple orchard inWeibei Plateau[J]. , 2016, 39(2): 301-308.

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