不同区域天山云杉林土壤养分随海拔分布规律及评价

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.130

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究天山云杉林林下土壤养分空间分布差异，为天山云杉（Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica）林的森林健康评价提供基础，实验在天山北坡从东往西4个不同经度范围选取的4个研究区域开展，按海拔梯度设样线、样地，并取样分析土壤养分在区域及海拔差异上的分布规律与差异性，最终进行评价。结果表明：（1）海拔对有机质、全氮、全磷含量分布有一定影响。（2）土壤养分中有机质含量、全氮含量、全磷含量之间存在显著正相关性。（3）在不同海拔上土壤养分含量整体表现从高到低依次为：中高海拔（96.3分）、高海拔（95.5分）、中海拔（95.0分）、中低海拔（88.5分）和低海拔（79.4分）；在不同区域内土壤养分评级表现从高到低依次为：天山西部（93.4分）、天山中东部（91.4分）、天山中西部（91.0分）和天山中部（88.0分）。（4）全钾含量在各个海拔上的分布更为稳定，受海拔因素影响极小。（5）天山北坡天山云杉林土壤养分整体较为丰富，但在不同海拔和区域上仍存在一定的差异性，其中养分含量评级最高的区域和海拔带分别为天山西部和中高海拔带。

关键词: 天山北坡, 天山云杉林, 土壤养分, 海拔, 养分评价

Abstract:

To investigate the spatial variability of soil nutrients under Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forests and provide a scientific basis for forest health evaluation, an experiment was conducted across four study areas located along different longitude ranges from east to west on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. Sample lines and plots were established along elevation gradients, and soil samples were collected to analyze nutrient distribution patterns and differences across regions and elevations. The results indicated the following: (1) Elevation had a certain influence on the distribution of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content. (2) Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents were significantly positively correlated. (3) Based on a comprehensive evaluation, the ranking of soil nutrient content across different elevations, from highest to lowest, was as follows: Mid-high elevation (96.3 points), high elevation (95.5 points), mid elevation (95.0 points), mid-low elevation (88.5 points), and low elevation (79.4 points); across different regions, the soil nutrient rankings, were: Western Tianshan (93.4 points), mid-eastern Tianshan (91.4 points), mid-western Tianshan (91.0 points), and central Tianshan (88.0 points). (4) Total potassium content exhibited more stable distribution across elevations, with minimal influence from elevation factors. (5) Overall, soil nutrient levels under Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forests on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were generally abundant although certain differences still existed across elevations and regions. The highest nutrient content was observed in western Tianshan and the mid-high elevation zone.

Key words: northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forests, soil nutrients beneath forests, altitude, nutrient rating

徐栋, 陈浩, 叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉, 王强. 不同区域天山云杉林土壤养分随海拔分布规律及评价[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(8): 1502-1510.

XU Dong, CHEN Hao, Yeerjiang BAIKETUERHAN, WANG Qiang. Distribution patterns and evaluation of soil nutrients in Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica forests across different regions and altitudes[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(8): 1502-1510.

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区域	经度/°E	纬度/°N	海拔/m	年均气温/℃	年均降水量/mm
天山中东部	89.02	43.77	1700~2700	2.33	203.60
天山中部	86.80	43.38	1700~2700	-2.74	228.39
天山中西部	84.35	44.13	1700~2700	4.70	222.74
天山西部	82.87	43.13	1700~2700	7.46	256.60

指标	极丰富	丰富	一般	贫乏	极贫乏
有机质含量	≥40.00	30.00~39.99	20.00~29.99	10.00~19.99	≤9.99
全氮含量	≥2.00	1.50~1.99	1.00~1.49	0.75~0.99	≤0.74
全磷含量	≥1.00	0.80~0.99	0.60~0.79	0.40~0.59	≤0.39
全钾含量	≥25.00	20.00~24.99	15.00~19.99	10.00~14.99	≤9.99

区域	指标	最小值/g·kg^-1	最大值/g·kg^-1	平均值±标准差/g·kg^-1	变异系数/%
天山中东部	有机质含量	33.90	152.00	111.40±33.09	29.70
	全氮含量	1.39	12.30	6.14±2.66	43.32
	全磷含量	0.47	1.13	0.80±0.17	21.25
	全钾含量	12.80	28.80	22.81±4.47	19.59
天山中部	有机质含量	32.60	146.00	90.02±32.54	36.15
	全氮含量	1.14	10.70	5.18±2.73	52.70
	全磷含量	0.29	1.33	0.71±0.28	39.44
	全钾含量	19.00	28.30	23.42±3.16	13.49
天山中西部	有机质含量	44.80	185.00	95.20±37.64	39.54
	全氮含量	1.91	8.20	4.75±1.74	36.63
	全磷含量	0.28	0.99	0.72±0.21	29.17
	全钾含量	24.60	31.60	28.50±1.80	6.32
天山西部	有机质含量	27.20	184.00	109.65±38.50	35.11
	全氮含量	1.21	7.91	4.99±2.06	41.28
	全磷含量	0.32	1.41	0.97±0.31	31.96
	全钾含量	20.00	27.70	24.85±1.95	7.85

海拔	有机质含量	全氮含量	全磷含量	全钾含量
低海拔	51.81±16.76d	2.39±0.98e	0.49±0.16c	21.54±4.31c
中低海拔	86.11±15.66c	4.07±0.74d	0.67±0.15b	24.29±2.64b
中海拔	133.26±27.12a	6.19±1.33b	0.87±0.24a	26.97±1.19a
中高海拔	125.84±18.99a	8.29±2.03a	1.01±0.17a	27.35±2.81a
高海拔	102.86±22.86b	5.14±1.22c	0.95±0.23a	23.79±3.92b