新疆焉耆盆地农田耗水有效性评价

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西北干旱地区受监测资料匮乏等因素，难以实现区域尺度的水资源消耗效用评价。使用MODIS遥感数据驱动混合双源梯形蒸散发模型（HTEM），对焉耆盆地陆面蒸散发的时空过程进行了连续模拟，并对灌区耗水量进行有效性评价。结果表明：（1） 2013—2020年焉耆盆地灌区多年平均蒸散发为624.4 mm，其中作物生育期4—10月蒸散发占全年的89.6%。（2）焉耆盆地灌区植被蒸腾与土壤蒸发多年平均分别为508.9 mm和115.5 mm，各占总蒸散发的81.5%和18.5%。（3）焉耆盆地灌区多年平均蒸散发耗水量13.82×10⁸m³，其中高效、中效和低效耗水分别占总耗水量的81.5%、5.6%和12.9%，且耗水有效性与植被覆盖度密切相关。在区域尺度以时空连续的方式揭示了焉耆盆地灌区蒸散发水分消耗的有效性，可为干旱区水资源管控提供可靠的理论依据。

关键词: 蒸散发, HTEM模型, 耗水有效性, 焉耆盆地

Abstract:

It is difficult to evaluate the water resource consumption effectiveness at a regional scale in the arid northwest due to the lack of monitoring information and other factors. This paper uses the MODIS remote sensing data to drive a hybrid dual-source trapezoidal evapotranspiration model (HTEM), to continuously simulate the spatiotemporal processes of land surface evapotranspiration in the Yanqi Basin of Xinjiang, China, and to evaluate the effectiveness of water consumption in irrigation areas. The following results were obtained: (1) The multiyear average evapotranspiration in the irrigation area of Yanqi Basin from 2013 to 2020 is 624.4 mm, of which the evapotranspiration from April to October during the crop fertility period accounts for 89.6% of the year. (2) The multiyear average of vegetation evapotranspiration and soil evaporation in the irrigation area is 508.9 mm and 115.5 mm, respectively, accounting for 81.5% and 18.5% of the total evapotranspiration. (3) The multiyear average evapotranspiration water consumption in the irrigation area was 13.82×10⁸ m³, of which high-, medium-, and low-efficiency water consumption accounted for 81.5%, 5.6% and 12.9% of the total water consumption, respectively, and the effectiveness of water consumption was closely related to the vegetation cover. This study reveals the effectiveness of evapotranspiration water consumption in irrigation areas on a regional scale with a spatiotemporal continuum, which can provide a reliable theoretical basis for water resource control in arid zones.

Key words: evapotranspiration, hybrid dual-source trapezoidal evapotranspiration model (HTEM), water consumption effectiveness, Yanqi Basin

杨一飞, 杨鹏年, 汪昌树, 寇鑫, 谭翻, 徐杰, 王翠. 新疆焉耆盆地农田耗水有效性评价[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(5): 730-741.

YANG Yifei, YANG Pengnian, WANG Changshu, KOU Xin, TAN Fan, XU Jie, WANG Cui. Effectiveness evaluation of water consumption in agricultural land of Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(5): 730-741.

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数据名称	时间分辨率	空间分辨率	数据来源	数据类型
MODIS数据	逐日	250 m	美国国家航空航天局（NASA）	MOD09GA、MOD09GQ和MOD11A1
DEM数据	-	30 m	中国科学院地理空间数据云	GDEMV2数字高程数据
气象资料	逐日	站点	中国气象科学数据中心中国地面气候资料数据集	焉耆县气象站气温、风速、湿度、降水量和蒸发量等数据
土地利用数据	逐年	30 m	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所	一级分类数据
引水量数据	逐年	-	塔里木河流域巴音郭楞蒙古自治州管理局	区域引水量、出流量等数据

产品名称	时间分辨率/d	空间分辨率/m	波段	波段效果	轨道序列号
MOD09GA	1	500	1~7	地表反射率	h23v04、h24v04
MOD09GQ	1	250	1~2	地表反射率	h23v04、h24v04
MOD11A1	1	1000	1	地表温度	h23v04、h24v04

年份	高效耗水	中效耗水	低效耗水	总量
2013	11.35	0.74	1.98	14.07
2014	9.98	0.72	2.10	12.81
2015	10.99	0.75	1.77	13.51
2016	11.47	0.79	1.67	13.93
2017	11.27	0.73	1.42	13.42
2018	11.54	0.86	1.92	14.32
2019	11.89	0.89	1.78	14.56
2020	11.64	0.69	1.66	13.98
平均	11.27	0.77	1.79	13.82