基于SWH模型的青藏高原高寒草甸蒸散发及其组分变化分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Shuttleworth-Wallace Hu（SWH）双源蒸散模型对青藏高原那曲、纳木错、藏东南站蒸散发进行估算，在结果验证良好基础上，对青藏高原蒸散发变化特征及各站主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：SWH模型在青藏高原3个草甸站适用性良好；年蒸散发介于388~732 mm之间，年内分布呈先增大后减小特征；3站蒸散发组分差异较大，那曲站和纳木错站土壤蒸发对蒸散总量的贡献分别为53%和56%，藏东南站蒸散发则几乎全部由植被蒸腾贡献，占比高达95%；植被叶面积指数为3站蒸散发最主要的影响因素，饱和水汽压差对藏东南站蒸散发影响也较大。研究结果可对青藏高原蒸散发及其组分时空格局与水循环过程研究提供科学依据。

关键词: 蒸散发, 蒸散组分, SWH模型, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Based on the SWH dual source model, the evapotranspiration of the Nagqu Station of Plateau Climate and Environment, the Nam Co Monitoring and Research Station for Multisphere Interactions, and the Southeast Tibet Observation and Research Station for the Alpine Environment was estimated. Based on the validation of the results, the characteristics of evapotranspiration changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China and the main influencing factors of each station were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: the SWH model is well applicable to the three stations on the Tibetan Plateau. The annual evapotranspiration ranges from 388 mm to 732 mm, with an increase in interannual distribution, followed by a decrease. The differences in evapotranspiration components between the three stations are significant, the contribution of evaporation to evapotranspiration at the Nagqu and Nam Co stations is 53% and 56%, respectively, and the evapotranspiration at the Southeast Tibet Station is almost entirely contributed by transpiration, accounting for 95%. The leaf area index is the most important factor affecting evapotranspiration at the three stations. The vapor pressure deficit also has a significant effect on evapotranspiration at the Southeast Tibet Station. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for studying the temporal and spatial patterns of evapotranspiration and its components and the water cycle process over the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: evapotranspiration, components of evapotranspiration, SWH model, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

梅静, 孙美平, 李霖. 基于SWH模型的青藏高原高寒草甸蒸散发及其组分变化分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(6): 1740-1751.

MEI Jing, SUN Meiping, LI Lin. Variations of evapotranspiration and its components in alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau based on SWH model[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1740-1751.

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站点	要素	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6
那曲站	PAR	0.085^***（0.726）	0.002（0.019）	-0.000（0.000）	-0.017^**（-0.146）	-0.011（-0.096）	-0.005（-0.042）
	T_a	-	0.106^***（0.920）	0.105^***（0.909）	0.075^***（0.655）	0.073^***（0.636）	0.005（0.044）
	VPD	-	-	0.229（0.035）	0.648^*（0.097）	0.905^**（0.136）	1.719^***（0.259）
	R_n	-	-	-	0.082^***（0.348）	0.092^***（0.390）	0.085^***（0.359）
	G	-	-	-	-	-0.272^*（-0.115）	0.068（0.029）
	LAI	-	-	-	-	-	0.190^***（0.485）
	Constant	-1.369	1.158	1.153	0.965	0.634	-0.237
	N	230	230	230	230	230	230
	R²	0.528	0.875	0.875	0.888	0.891	0.952
	ΔR²	0.528	0.347	0.000	0.013	0.002	0.061
纳木错站	T_a	0.092^***（0.835）	0.066^***（0.599）	0.035^***（0.320）	-	-	-
	R_n	-	0.054^***（0.328）	0.047^***（0.289）	-	-	-
	LAI	-	-	0.590^***（0.405）	-	-	-
	Constant	1.495	1.123	0.597	-	-	-
	N	230	230	230	-	-	-
	R²	0.697	0.748	0.818	-	-	-
	ΔR²	0.697	0.052	0.069	-	-	-
藏东南站	PAR	0.117^***（0.787）	0.074^***（0.497）	0.048^***（0.320）	0.028^**（0.190）	-	-
	T_a	-	0.066^***（0.440）	0.054^***（0.359）	-0.008（-0.056）	-	-
	VPD	-	-	4.196^***（0.326）	5.092^***（0.396）	-	-
	LAI	-	-	-	0.043^***（0.496）	-	-
	Constant	-1.177	-0.388	-0.589	-1.275	-	-
	N	138	138	138	138	-	-
	R²	0.619	0.729	0.779	0.807	-	-
	ΔR²	0.619	0.110	0.050	0.029	-	-