基于多源遥感数据的1970—2020年巴尔喀什湖动态监测

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.220

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用ICESat-1、CryoSat-2测高数据与水文站实测数据,分析了1970—2020年巴尔喀什湖水位变化特征,结合MOD09A1数据及相关资料分析了巴尔喀什湖长时间序列面积和水量变化状况,并利用巴尔喀什湖流域灌溉数据及Climatic Research Unit（CRU）气象数据,简要探究了气候变化及人类活动对湖泊长期变化的影响。结果表明：巴尔喀什湖水位在研究时段内总体呈现先下降后波动上升的趋势,1987年水位值达到最低（340.64 m）,年内水位增长主要发生在2月底至6月初,且暖季（4—10月）水位波动比冷季（11月—次年3月）更剧烈;1970—2020年巴尔喀什湖面积从19996 km²减少到16641.93 km²,湖面缩小约16.77%;在此期间巴尔喀什湖水量损失约为12.33 km³。湖泊动态变化为多种因素共同作用的结果,1970—1987年湖泊动态变化主要由卡普恰盖水库蓄水和哈萨克斯坦境内灌区耕地扩张等人类活动引起;气温与降水在总体趋势上与湖泊的动态变化并无明显相关性,定量讨论各因素对湖泊动态变化的影响,还需进一步研究。

关键词: ICESat-1, CryoSat-2, 动态变化, 巴尔喀什湖

Abstract:

Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, water resource issues are challenging and have attracted significant attention worldwide. Lake level variation is an essential indicator of regional and global climate and environment. For the past few decades, the development of remote sensing has enabled long-term dynamic monitoring of lake levels and areas. In this work, the water level change of Balkhash Lake during the period of 1970—2020 was derived from ICESat-1, CryoSat-2, and the hydro-meteorological stations. Moreover, combined with MOD09A1 data and related literature, the area and water volume change of Balkhash Lake in a long time series were analyzed. The results indicated that during the study period, the water level of Lake Balkhash first showed a downward trend, and reached its lowest point (340.64 m) in 1987, and then began to fluctuate upward. Generally, the water level growth during the year mainly occurred from the end of February to the beginning of June. The water level fluctuates more dramatically in the warm season (from April to October) than in the cold season (from November to March of the following year). The multi-year average water level is the highest in spring and lowest in autumn. From 1970 to 2020, the area of the Balkhash Lake decreased from 19996 km² to 16641.93 km², and the lake area decreased by about 16.77%. Meanwhile, the water volume of the Balkhash Lake undergone a total loss of approximately 12.33 km³. The analysis revealed that the dynamic changes of the lake from 1970 to 1987 were mainly caused by human activities, such as the impoundment of the Kapchagay Reservoir and the expansion of arable land in the irrigation area in Kazakhstan. However, the overall trend of temperature and precipitation has no obvious correlation with the dynamic changes of the lake. Owing to the complexity and uncertainty of environmental changes, quantitative discussion of the impact of various factors on lake dynamics requires further research. Multi-mission altimetry satellite provides a powerful tool for the long-term and large-scale monitoring of lake level variations, which is of great significance to the study of lake level change and its response to climate and environment.

Key words: ICESat-1, CryoSat-2, dynamic changes, Balkhash Lake

张玉杰,王宁练,杨雪雯,邰雪楠. 基于多源遥感数据的1970—2020年巴尔喀什湖动态监测[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(2): 499-511.

ZHANG Yujie,WANG Ninglian,YANG Xuewen,TAI Xuenan. Dynamic monitoring of Balkhash Lake from 1970 to 2020 based on multi-source remote sensing data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 499-511.

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