近40 a新疆土地利用及其绿洲动态变化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.06.21

干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1333-1340.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.06.21

近40 a新疆土地利用及其绿洲动态变化

贺可^1,2, 吴世新¹, 杨怡^1,2, 王丹^1,2, 张寿雨^1,2, 尹楠¹

1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-07-08 修回日期:2018-09-28 出版日期:2018-11-25
通讯作者: 吴世新.E-mail:wushixin@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:贺可(1993-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为遥感应用.E-mail:heke_ke@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项课题（2017FY101004）资助

Dynamic changes of land use and oasis in Xinjiang in the last 40 years

HE Ke^1,2, WU Shi-xin¹, YANG Yi^1,2, WANG Dan^1,2, ZHANG Shou-yu^1,2, YIN Nan¹

1 Laboratory of LUCC and Global Change, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-07-08 Revised:2018-09-28 Online:2018-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1972-2015年Landsat MSS/TM/OLI以及CBERS遥感影像数据，得到近40 a新疆土地利用时空数据，综合分析新疆土地利用及其绿洲的动态变化与动因。结果表明：新疆土地不断开垦、耕地面积不断扩大，已达到了相当的数量规模；土地的开垦与撂荒成为新疆乃至我国西北干旱地区土地利用变化最重要的特征，耕地撂荒与土地开垦的比率逐期下降，土地利用效率不断提高；城镇居民建设用地持续扩大；近40 a里，绿洲面积逐步扩大，面积占比由8.18%上升到9.93%；人工绿洲面积及占比也逐步增大，目前一半以上的绿洲面积为人工绿洲。气候的暖湿变化，以及政策、人口、社会经济、科技等要素成为新疆土地利用变化的动因。本文还提出了在关注各类土地数量变化的同时进一步开展土地开发的质量变化与评估研究。

关键词: 土地利用, 绿洲, 动态变化, 新疆

Abstract: In this study,a comprehensive analysis on the dynamic change and its causes of the land use and oasis was conducted based on the spatio-temporal data of land use in Xinjiang,China obtained by using the remotely sensed data from Landsat MSS/TM/OLI and CBERS in the past 40 years from 1972 to 2015.The results indicated that the cultivation area in Xinjiang had been constantly expanding as result of land reclamation,which had reached a considerable quantity; the land reclamation and some of the cultivated land left uncultivated become the most important feature of the land use in Xinjiang and even in northwest arid area of China.The ratio of the land left uncultivated against the land reclaimed was gradually being decreased,translating into a continuously improving efficiency of land use;the construction land of urban residents has been expanded continuously.The area of oasis has gradually been expanded with its occupation rate being increased from 8.18% to 9.93%.The area of artificial oasis and its proportion have also been increased gradually.At present,more than half of the oasis area is the artificial oasis.The warm and wet climate changes,as well as the policies,population,social economy,science and technology and other factors have become the motivation of the change of land use in Xinjiang.This paper also puts forward the research on the quality change and evaluation of land development while paying attention to the change of land quantity.

Key words: land use, oasis, dynamic change, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

TP79

贺可, 吴世新, 杨怡, 王丹, 张寿雨, 尹楠. 近40 a新疆土地利用及其绿洲动态变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(6): 1333-1340.

HE Ke, WU Shi-xin, YANG Yi, WANG Dan, ZHANG Shou-yu, YIN Nan. Dynamic changes of land use and oasis in Xinjiang in the last 40 years[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(6): 1333-1340.

参考文献

[1] TURNER B L I,SKOLE D L,SANDERSON S,et al.Land-use and land-cover change:Science/research plan[J].Global Change Report,1995,43(1995):669-679.
[2] 姚远,丁建丽,张芳,等.土地利用变化的人文驱动因子对新疆生态系统服务价值的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(5):298-304.[YAO Yuan,DING Jianli,ZHANG Fang,et al.Impact of human driving factors for land use change on ecosystem service values in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,33(5):298-304.]
[3] TURNER B L,LAMBIN E F,REENBERG A.Emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104(52):20666-20671.
[4] 陈曦.中国干旱区土地利用与土地覆被变化[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:409-423.[CHEN Xi.Land use and land cover change in arid regions of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:409-423.]
[5] 樊自立,吴世新,吴莹,等.新中国成立以来的新疆土地开发[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(5):713-720.[FAN Zili,WU Shixin,WU Ying,et al.The land reclamation in Xinjiang since the founding of new China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):713-720.]
[6] 刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.[LIU Jiyuan,KUANG Wenhui,ZHANG Zengxiang,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):3-14.]
[7] 张百平,张雪芹,郑度.西北干旱区不宜作为我国耕地后备资源基地[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(1):1-5.[ZHANG Baiping,ZHANG Xueqin,ZHENG Du.Arid nrthwest China can not be regarded as the farmland reserve base[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(1):1-5.]
[8] 胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊.中国干旱区不能成为"我国新粮仓"[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(2):153-159.[HU Ruji,JIANG Fengqing,WANG Yajun.The arid lands of China should not be taken asthe new grain output fields[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(2):153-159.]
[9] 张百平,张雪芹,郑度.关于严格限制西北干旱区荒地开垦的若干对策与建议[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(1):1-4.[ZHANG Baiping,ZHANG Xueqing,ZHENG Du.Countermeasures and suggestions for wasteland reclamation prohibition in the arid land in northwest China[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(1):1-4.]
[10] 刘纪远.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:353.[LIU Jiyuan.Macro investigation and dynamic research on remote sensing of resources and environment in China[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1996:353.]
[11] 陈曦,罗格平.干旱区绿洲生态研究及其进展[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(4):488-495.[CHEN Xi,LUO Geping.Researches and progress of oasis ecology in arid areas[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,31(4):488-495.]
[12] 吴莹,吴世新,张娟,等.基于多重时空数据的新疆绿洲研究[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(2):333-341.[WU Ying,WU Shixin,ZHANG Juan,et al.Study of Xinjiang oasis with multitude of temporal and spatial data[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(2):333-341.]
[13] 丁建丽,张滢,塔西甫拉提.特依拜.绿洲-荒漠交错带土地利用/覆盖时空变化研究[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(6):100-105.[DING Jianli,ZHANG Ying,TIYIP Tashpolat.Study on the change of spatial-temporal LUCC in oasis-desert Ecotone[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(6):100-105.]
[14] 吴世新,周可法,刘朝霞,等.新疆地区近10年来土地利用变化时空特征与动因分析[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(1):52-58.[WU Shixin,ZHOU Kefa,LIU Chaoxia,et al.Study on the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of land use and driving forces analyses of Xinjiang in recent 10 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2005,28(1):52-58.]
[15] 中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆土壤地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1965:471.[Xinjiang Comprehensive Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Soil geography in Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Science Press,1965:471.]
[16] LI Qihu,CHEN Y,SHEN Y,et al.Spatial and temporal trends of climate change in Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2011,21(6):1007-1018.
[17] 胡汝骥,樊自立,王亚俊,等.近50 a新疆气候变化对环境影响评估[J].干旱区地理,2001,24(2):97-103.[HU Ruji,FAN Zili,WANG Yajun,et al.Assessment about the impact of climate change on environment in Xinjiang since recent 50 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2001,24(2):97-103.]
[18] 王丹,吴世新,张寿雨.新疆20世纪80年代末以来耕地与建设用地扩张分析[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(1):188-196.[WANG Dan,WU Shixin,ZHANG Shouyu.Expansion of both cultivated and construction land in Xinjiang since the late 1980s[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(1):188-196.]