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干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 1663-1674.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.762 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025762

• 地表过程研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

近50 a宁夏中部干旱带沙漠化时空变化及其逆转期驱动力

李森1,2(), 鱼腾飞1,3(), 赵鸿雁4, 张志山1,2, 颜长珍1   

  1. 1 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室甘肃 兰州 730000
    2 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠研究试验研究站甘肃 兰州 730000
    3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院阿拉善荒漠生态水文试验研究站甘肃 兰州 730000
    4 青海理工学院工学院青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26 修回日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 鱼腾飞(1987-),男,博士,项目研究员,主要从事旱区生态水文等方面的研究. E-mail: yutf@lzb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李森(1985-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事沙漠化、绿洲化监测等方面的研究. E-mail: lisen@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23A20223);中国工程科技发展战略宁夏研究院战略咨询项目(2025BEL01002)

Spatiotemporal changes of aeolian desertification over the past 50 years and driving force analysis during the reversal period in the central Ningxia arid zone, China

LI Sen1,2(), YU Tengfei1,3(), ZHAO Hongyan4, ZHANG Zhishan1,2, YAN Changzhen1   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
    2 Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
    3 Alxa Desert Eco-Hydrological Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
    4 School of Engineering, Qinghai Institute of Technology, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2025-11-26 Revised:2025-12-31 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-08-21

摘要:

宁夏中部干旱带是我国沙漠化最严重的区域之一,也是黄河“几字弯”攻坚战的核心区。基于近50 a(1975—2025年)长时段沙漠化数据集,开展时空演变特征分析并重点探讨逆转期沙漠化变化的定量归因。结果表明:(1) 近50 a研究区沙漠化整体呈先增加后减少的趋势,逆转点出现在1990年。(2) 2025年研究区沙漠化面积为4257.63 km2,相较于1975年净减少285.68 km2(6.28%),其中极重度沙漠化面积降幅最大,减少比例达61.56%;空间上,逆转区主要分布于沙坡头区西部、灵武市中西部和盐池县中北部。(3) 地理探测器与偏最小二乘结构方程模型分析均表明1990—2020年气候因子是沙漠化逆转的主导驱动力,其中干燥度对沙漠化空间分异的解释力(q值)最高;2020年以后,人口密度解释力快速上升(q值为0.32),成为驱动局部地区沙漠化发展的主导因子,说明近期城镇开发及耕地开垦等高强度人类活动加剧了局部地区沙漠化的发展。研究结果可为黄河“几字弯”精准治沙提供科学依据。

关键词: 时空变化, 沙漠化指数, 地理探测器, 偏最小二乘结构方程模型, 宁夏中部干旱带

Abstract:

The central Ningxia arid zone is one of the most severely desertified regions in China and a key area within the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River campaign. Based on a long-term dataset of aeolian desertification covering the past 50 years (1975—2025), this study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of aeolian desertification and conducts a quantitative attribution analysis, with a focus on the reversal phase from 1990 to 2020. The results show that: (1) Over the past 50 years, aeolian desertification in the study area presented a trend of first intensification followed by subsequent reversal, with the turning point occurring in 1990. (2) By 2025, the total desertified area was 4257.63 km2, representing a net decrease of 285.68 km2 (6.28%) compared with 1975. Among desertification categories, the extremely severe desertified area experienced the largest percentage reduction of 61.56% over the study period. Spatially, reversal zones were mainly distributed in the western Shapotou District, central-western Lingwu City, and central-northern Yanchi County. (3) Combined analysis using geographical detector and partial least squares structural equation modeling reveals that climatic factors were the dominant driving forces of desertification reversal from 1990 to 2020 (mean q=0.21), with the aridity index exhibiting the strongest explanatory power. After 2020, population density surged in explanatory power (q=0.32), becoming the primary factor associated with localized desertification expansion. Overall, the results reveal that desertification reversal in the arid zone of central Ningxia is mainly driven by the synergistic effect of climatic factors and human activities. However, recent intensive human activities, such as urban expansion and cropland reclamation, have contributed to the development of desertification in local areas. These findings provide a scientific basis for precision-oriented desertification control in the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River.

Key words: spatiotemporal changes, desertification index, geographical detector, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the central Ningxia arid zone