高原复杂地理参数对雷电活动的影响分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雷电活动参数作为反映区域雷电活动特征的重要指标,地形对其影响不容忽视。利用2014—2018年青海省地闪数据、数字地形高程数据以及HWSD土壤数据集,定量分析海拔、坡度、坡向以及土壤电阻率对青海省地闪分布特征的影响。结果表明：（1）青海省地闪主要集中在海拔3150~4850 m、坡度0~35°的地区,其中东北坡向地闪次数最多,东南坡向地闪次数最少,地闪对应的土壤电阻率主要集中于100 Ω·m。（2）地闪密度随海拔的升高先增大后减小,随坡度的增大而减小;地闪平均强度随海拔的升高先减小后增大,随坡度的增大而增大。（3）选取92°27′00″~97°44′24″E、31°40′48″~34°16′48″N地闪活跃区域,对其1 km×1 km网格内地闪数据与地理参量平均值进行相关性分析,所选区域内地闪密度与平均海拔呈正相关关系,与平均坡度呈负相关关系;而地闪强度与平均海拔呈负相关关系,与平均坡度呈正相关关系。

关键词: 雷电活动, 海拔, 坡度, 坡向, 土壤电阻率, 青海高原

Abstract:

The influence of terrain on lightning current parameters cannot be ignored as a basis for lightning theory study and engineering protection application. Thus, in this study, the impacts of altitude, slope, aspect, and soil conductivity on the characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning distribution in Qinghai Province, China, were quantitatively analyzed using cloud-to-ground lightning data from 2014 to 2018, digital terrain altitude data, and the HWSD data set. As per the data, it was determined that (1) cloud-to-ground lightning mostly concentrated at the altitude of 3150-4850 m and a slope of 0-35°. The number of slope to the northeast had the greatest cloud-to-ground lightning, whereas the one to the southeast had the least. The electrical conductivity corresponding to cloud-to-ground lightning is primarily concentrated at a distance of 100 Ω·m. (2) For a given unit area, the cloud-to-ground lightning frequency increased first and then decreased with altitude. The number of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes increases slowly as the slope increases. In addition, the average cloud-to-ground lightning intensity decreases first and then increases as altitude increases. It showed a trend of gradual increase as the slope increased and an increasing trend as the conductivity increased. (3) A correlation analysis was performed between the cloud-to-ground lightning data and the mean value of the geographical parameters in a 1 km×1 km grid covering the active areas of 92°27′00′′-97°44′24′′E and 31°40′48′′-34°16′48′′N. The cloud-to-ground lightning density in the selected areas was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with the slope. A negative correlation was noted between cloud-to-ground lightning intensity and mean altitude, but a positive correlation with slope.

Key words: lightning activity, altitude, slope, slope direction, soil conductivity, Qinghai Plateau

胡亚男,陶世银,龚梅竹,马海玲. 高原复杂地理参数对雷电活动的影响分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(3): 746-753.

HU Yanan,TAO Shiyin,GONG Meizhu,MA Hailing. Influence analysis of geographic parameters on lightning in plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 746-753.

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坡向分类	坡向区间/(°)	面积占比/%
北	337.5~22.5	12.93
东北	22.5~67.5	13.82
东	67.5~112.5	12.54
东南	112.5~157.5	11.70
南	157.5~202.5	11.96
西南	202.5~247.5	13.16
西	247.5~292.5	12.18
西北	292.5~337.5	11.72
合计		100.00

坡向分类	地闪平均强度/kA	标准差
北	31.54	25.82
东北	30.74	24.19
东	30.64	24.25
东南	30.32	23.48
南	30.25	23.42
西南	30.38	24.53
西	30.46	23.66
西北	30.81	24.62

	相关系数（r）
	平均海拔	平均坡度
地闪密度	0.54	-0.23
地闪强度	-0.35	0.44