祖厉河流域降雨径流泥沙变化特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 祖厉河流域位于年降水量200～400 mm之间过渡带，是气候变化最敏感和最为复杂的区域之一。运用祖厉河流域1955—2013年径流量、输沙量与年降雨量的变化趋势、时段特征进行了分析。结果表明：祖厉河流域降雨量、径流量和输沙量存在年际变化大、逐年减小的变化趋势；年降雨量在1995年出现突变点，降雨量存在明显的丰水和枯水变化，丰水时段（1955—1989年）年降水量为376.2 mm，枯水时段（1990—2013年）年降水量为224.9 mm；径流量和泥沙量的突变点分别出现在1995年和2000年；依据UF_k值信度变化趋势，将径流量、输沙量变化分为非显著减少（1955—1971年）、显著减少（1972—1985年）、较显著减少（1986—2000年）和极显著减少（2001—2013年）四个时期。

关键词: 祖厉河流域, 水沙特征, 年降雨量, 变化趋势

Abstract: Located in the Longzhong Loess Plateau of northwestern China,the Zulihe Basin was selected as the study area.It sits in a transition zone with a 200 to 400 mm annual precipitation,one of the most sensitive and complex regions to the climate change.The local climate is characterized by hot summers and cold winters with relatively concentrated rainfall during the wet season (from June to September) which often leads to severe soil erosion.The information about the precipitation,runoff and sediment discharge in the basin were collected from 1955 to 2013 and were examined first using the Mann-Kendall (M-K) method to reveal their changing trends.Then,the influencing factors on runoff and sediment discharge,especially various soil and water conservation practices on soil erosion were studied based on regression analysis..The results suggested an overall downward trends in runoff and sediment discharge in the basin with some similarity to the trend in precipitation.However,the magnitude of downward trend of sediment discharge and runoff differed in different periods.It varied a lot for the precipitation in wet and dry seasons,with an annual precipitation of 376.2mm in wet season during the time period from 1955 to 1989 and an annual precipitation of 224.9mm in dry season from 1999 to 2013.The year 1995 was the breaking point for the precipitation and runoff during the study period after which the precipitation and runoff were significantly decreased.For the sediment discharge the breaking point during the study period appeared in 2000.According to UF_k values about runoff and sediment discharge,the whole time span of this study was divided into four periods which included a non-remarkable reduction period (from 1955 to 1971),a remarkable reduction period (from 1972 to 1985),a significant reduction period (from 1986 to 2000),and an extremely significant reduction period (from 2001 to 2013).It was found the various soil and water conservation practices such as terraces construction,afforestation,grass land establishment,natural wildland preservation,and establishment of runoff holding ponds played an important role resulted in the downward trend in soil erosion.The findings from this study will not only explain the long-term variability in soil erosion but also provide insight for guiding future soil and water conservation programs in this basin and even in other regions of similar conditions.

Key words: Zulihe River Basin, runoff and sediment discharge, annual precipitation, change trend

中图分类号:

P332.1

张富, 赵传燕, 邓居礼, 陈瑾, 张佰林, 胡彦婷. 祖厉河流域降雨径流泥沙变化特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 74-82.

ZHANG Fu, ZHAO Chuan-yan, DENG Ju-li, CHEN Jin, ZHANG Bai-lin, HU Yan-ting. Change characteristics of the precipitation,runoff and sediment discharge in Zulihe River Basin[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 74-82.

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