近55 a辽宁省风速时空变化特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风速时空演变特征分析是气候变化研究的主要方面之一，对气候异常评估与防风预测预报工作有重要意义。以辽宁省为研究区，利用1960—2014年省内23个气象站点逐日气象数据，采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall法分析风速多时间格局演变情况。借助ArcGIS软件中反距离权重插值与表面分析模块对研究区进行空间分析，并通过Pearson相关性检验探讨风速与气温、气压的相关关系。结果表明：（1）从时间格局上看，1960年以来辽宁省平均风速总体呈显著下降趋势，年内下降趋势为“双峰型”，递减率0.559 m·s^-1·（10 a）^-1；年际递减率为0.22 m·s^-1·（10 a）^-1；四季风速递减率春季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季。（2）就空间格局而言，空间分布特征由中部向东西两侧递减，季节差异性较小。（3）辽宁省风速降低与气温、气压变化有关，且风速与气温呈负相关，与气压呈正相关。

关键词: 平均风速, 年际, 四季, 时空分布特征, 相关性

Abstract: The analysis of temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of wind speed is one of the main aspects of climate change research. It is of great significance in the assessment of climate anomalies and the prediction and forecast of wind damage.Taking Liaoning Province as the study area, the daily meteorological data collected by 23 meteorological stations in the province from 1960 to 2014 were analyzed using linear regression and Mann-Kendall methods to reveal the temporal pattern of wind speed. Based on the inverse distance weight interpolation and surface analysis module in ArcGIS software,the spatial analysis of wind speed change in the study area was carried out.The correlation between wind speed and air temperature and air pressure was investigated by means of Pearson correlation test. The results showed that:(1) From time perspective,the average wind speed in Liaoning Province has been declined significantly since 1960.Within a year,the trend appeared as "double-peaked" with an average decreasing rate of 0.559 m·s^-1·(10a)^-1 and the interannual decline rate is 0.22 m·s^-1·(10a)^-1.The four seasons in a year was listed in the sequence as follows based on descending order of the decreasing rate value:spring, winter,autumn and summer; (2) With regard to spatial pattern,the spatial distribution had the characteristics with the central part of the province having the highest decreasing rate and both the west side and east side the lower value.They all had a small seasonal difference; (3) The decrease of wind speed in Liaoning Province is related to the change of temperature and air pressure.There is a negative correlation between wind speed and air temperature with the correlation coefficient being -0.588 at the 0.01 significance level and a positive correlation between wind speed and air pressure with the correlation coefficient being 0.723 at the same significance level.

Key words: mean wind speed, interannual, four seasons, temporal and spatial distribution, correlation

中图分类号:

P425

曹永强, 郭明, 刘思然, 郑爽. 近55 a辽宁省风速时空变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 1-8.

CAO Yong-qiang, GUO Ming, LIU Si-ran, ZHENG Shuang. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of wind speed in Liaoning Province in recent 55 years[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 1-8.

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