模拟降雨变化对两种荒漠植物幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨西北干旱区两种典型荒漠植物1 a生幼苗生长和生物量分配对降雨格局变化的响应，在野外设置了双因素总降雨量和降雨间隔时间控制试验，测定了不同生长季节幼苗的生长及生物量分配情况。结果表明：（1）总降雨量增加30%对两种荒漠植物地下根系生长无显著影响（P>0.05），但促进了地上部分的生长，其中红砂株高、基径分别增加了25%、29%，白刺分别增加了10%、48%，在降雨间隔时间延长的情况下其效果更显著（P<0.05）；总降雨量减少30%虽对两种荒漠植物株高和基径无显著影响（P>0.05），但促进了两种荒漠植物地下垂直根系的生长，红砂和白刺主根垂直深度平均分别增加了21%、40%，且降雨间隔延长其效果更显著（P<0.05）。（2）在总降雨量增加30%和降雨间隔时间延长的情况下，两种荒漠植物地上生物量和地下生物量达到最大值；而总降雨量减少30%，降雨间隔时间较短的情况下，两种荒漠植物倾向于将更多的生物量分配到地下，根冠比达到最大值，分别为0.64、0.78。（3）总降雨量增加降雨间隔时间延长的大降雨事件将有利于两种荒漠植物幼苗生长，然而这种促进效应依赖降雨间隔时间；降雨量适当减少虽抑制了两种荒漠植物幼苗地上生长，但增大了根冠比，改变生物量分配模式是其适应干旱胁迫的重要策略。

关键词: 总降雨量, 降雨间隔时间, 生物量, 根冠比

Abstract: Reaumuria soongorica and Nitraria tangutorum are two dominant species of the arid region of Northwest China. The paper is to explore the responses of R.soongorica and N.tangutorum seedlings to changed precipitation patterns, to get an insight into the evolution direction and evolution rate of the desert vegetation in Northwest China under future global climate change. A simulated experiment was conducted in 2014 to examine the effects of precipitation quantity and interval on two desert plant seedlings at the Linze Inland River Basin Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show as follows:(1) Compared with the controlling group, there were no significant changes in two desert plants taproot vertical depth when the total precipitation quantity was increased by 30%(P>0.05), but the plant height and basal diameter of the two desert plant seedlings significantly increased, and even significant(P<0.05) when precipitation interval was extended at the same time. The plant height and basal diameter of R.soongorica seedling increased by 25% and 29% and N.tangutorum seedling increased by 10% and 48% when the precipitation quantity was increased by 30%, respectively. When total precipitation quantity was decreased by 30%, though the plant height and basal diameter of tow desert seedlings had no significant changes, the taproot vertical depth of two desert seedlings on average increased by 21% and 40%, respectively, and the increase was even more significant(P<0.05) when the precipitation interval was extended at the same time.(2) Aboveground biomass and underground biomass of the two desert plant reached maximum when the precipitation interval was extended and the total precipitation quantity was increased by 30% at the meantime, but their root-shoot ratio were relatively small. When the total precipitation quantity was decreased by 30% and the precipitation interval was shortened at the meantime, the two kinds of desert plants tended to allocate more biomass to the underground, and the root-shoot ratio reached maximum which were 0.64 and 0.78 for Reaumuria soongorica and Nitraria tangutorum, respectively. Therefore, the growth of dominant desert plants seedlings were mainly affected by the total precipitation in arid desert ecosystem, but the promotion effects of increasing precipitation depended on precipitation interval. It is beneficial to the growth of two desert plants by extending the precipitation interval and increasing the precipitation quantity by 30% at the same time. The growth of two desert seedlings were restrained when the precipitation quantity was decreased by 30%. The biomass allocation pattern of two desert seedlings were changed by root elongation growth to adapt to drought stress.

Key words: total precipitation, precipitation interval, biomass, root-shoot ratio

中图分类号:

S714.2

单立山, 李毅, 段桂芳, 张正中, 张荣, 种培芳. 模拟降雨变化对两种荒漠植物幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1267-1274.

SHAN Li-shan, LI Yi, DUAN Gui-fang, ZHANG Zheng-zhong, ZHANG Rong, CHONG Pei-fang. Effects of simulated precipitation on seedling growth and biomass allocation in two tree species in the arid lands of northwest China[J]. , 2016, 39(6): 1267-1274.

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