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干旱区地理 ›› 2014, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 656-666.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1961-2012年山西终霜冻的区域特征研究

李芬1,张建新2,王淑凤1   

  1. (1    山西省气象服务中心, 山西    太原    030002;    2    山西省气象决策服务中心, 山西    太原    030006)
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-17 修回日期:2013-11-21 出版日期:2014-07-25
  • 作者简介:李芬(1964-),女,山西汾阳人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事全球变化与区域气候变化研究. Email:lifen1964@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2011M10);山西省自然科学基金(2013011038)

Regional characteristics of last frost over Shanxi Province from 1961 to 2012

LI  Fen1,ZHANG  Jian-xin2,WANG  Shu-feng1   

  1. (1   Shanxi Meteorological Service Center, Taiyuan  030002, Shanxi,China;2   Shanxi Meteorological Service Center for Decision-making, Taiyuan  030006, Shanxi,China)
  • Received:2013-10-17 Revised:2013-11-21 Online:2014-07-25

摘要: 基于山西62个测站1961-2012年的逐年终霜日及地面最低温度观测资料,应用EOF和REOF等统计方法分析了山西不同等级终霜冻的区域特征。结果表明:(1)轻微终霜冻、中度终霜冻和重度终霜冻发生年份大都表现出一致的推后或提前,也存在南北的差异。(2)轻微终霜冻在中西部、西北部、东北部、南部和中东部地区存在5个相对独立的异常型,这样的分区与平均终霜冻日分布和正常终霜冻发生概率分布相联系。(3)中度终霜冻在中部、西北部、东北部、南部和北中部存在5 个相对独立的异常型,这样的分区与偏晚终霜冻发生概率分布 和终霜冻变化趋势分布相对应。(4)重度终霜冻在西北部、南部和中东部地区存在3 个相对独立的异常型,这样的分区与山西特晚终霜冻发生概率分布和终霜冻突变分布相关联。(5)地形和局地气候变化对轻微和中度终霜冻区域特征分区有影响,重度终霜冻分区受地形影响较小。

关键词: 山西, 终霜冻, 区域特征

Abstract: Frost is a common agro-meteorological disaster.  Advancing of the first frost and delaying of the last frost all have harmful impact on crops.  The previous researches about frost of Shanxi Province were mainly focused on variation features of the first (or last) frost date and the frost-free period,did not involve the regional characteristics of Shanxi’s last frost.  Based on each year’s last frost data and each day’s minimum ground temperature data of 62 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province from 1961 to 2012,using daily minimum ground temperature less than 0℃,-2℃,-5℃ as indexes,and applying statistical method and EOF & REOF method,this paper analyzed the regional characteristics of Shanxi’s last frost (different levels).  The results show as follows:First,the average last frost date of Shanxi province in latest 52 years has a trend of advance and has an asymmetric “W” distribution,it was slightly advanced in 1960s & 1970s,and was delayed in 1980s,from 1980s to 2005 it was obviously advanced,after 2005 it was significantly delayed.  Second,the average last frost date of Shanxi province in latest 52 years is April 12.  The last frost emerges from the second ten days of March in the south to the second ten days of May in the north.  Third,the occurrence time of the mild last frost,the moderate last frost and the severe last frost shows the same “delay” or “advance” in most years,but there are differences between the south and the north. Fourth,the mild last frosts have 5 relatively independent abnormal types in following regions: the Midwest,the Northwest,the Northeast,the South and the Mideast,which are associated with the average last frost date distribution and the normal last frost occurrence probability distribution.  Fifth,the moderate last frosts have 5 relatively independent abnormal types in following regions: the Central,the Northwest,the Northeast,the South and the North centre,which are associated with the later last frost occurrence probability distribution and the last frost variation trend distribution.  Sixth,the severe last frosts have 3 relatively independent abnormal types in following regions: the Northwest,the South and the Mideast,which are associated with the latest last frost occurrence probability distribution and the last frost mutation distribution.  Seventh,terrain and local climate change have obvious impact on regional characteristics of the mild last frost and the moderate last frost but have little impact on regional characteristics of the severe last frost.  This study is helpful to crops rational distribution and frost disaster prevention of Shanxi Province.

Key words: Shanxi, last frost, regional characteristics

中图分类号: 

  • P423.4