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干旱区地理 ›› 2014, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 380-387.

• 区域发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿洲城市水资源压力及其对城市发展的影响——以乌鲁木齐为例

夏富强1,唐宏1,2,杨德刚1,汪菲1,张文彪1   

  1. (1    中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830011;2    四川农业大学经济管理学院 四川省农村发展研究中心, 四川    成都    611130)
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-24 修回日期:2013-08-15 出版日期:2014-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 唐宏. Email:tanghongwa@126.com
  • 作者简介:夏富强(1973-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事资源环境与区域发展. Email:xiafq@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划(RCPY201003),中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向课题(Y00Q0600SB)

Water resources pressure of oasis city and its impact on urban development

XIA  Fu-qiang1,TANG  Hong1,2,YANG  De-gang1,WANG  Fei1,ZHANGh  Wen-biao1   

  1. (1   Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi  830011, Xinjiang, China;   2    Agricultural Development Research Center of Sichuan, College of Economics and Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu  611130, Sichuan, China)
  • Received:2013-05-24 Revised:2013-08-15 Online:2014-03-25

摘要: 从水资源人口压力、生态压力、经济发展压力和技术压力4个方面,构建绿洲城市水资源压力评价模型,探讨了乌鲁木齐市1995-2012年的水资源压力指数变化,并分析了水资源短缺对城市发展的影响。研究表明:(1)乌鲁木齐市的水资源压力由1995年的0.32增长为2012年的1.08,呈快速增长趋势,水资源条件、人口快速增长及与发达地区用水定额的差距拉大是主要原因。(2)乌鲁木齐市人均水资源量持续减少,由1995年的729.54 m3/人减少为2012年的377.8 m3/人,减少了近48.21%,已由中度—重度缺水转为极度缺水区域,2009年以来水资源开发利用率甚至超过100%,水资源短缺很大程度影响城市的发展速度与规模。(3)加强水资源管理,实施跨流域调水,适度扩大城市规模,加大节水力度和产业结构调整,提高水资源利用效率,是缓解水资源压力、促进城市健康发展的有效手段。

关键词: 水资源, 压力指数, 城市发展, 绿洲城市, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract: Water pressure model of oasis city was built to evaluate the change of water resources pressure indexes in Urumqi City,Xinjiang,China from four aspects as population pressure,ecological pressure,economic development pressure and technical pressure,and then the impact of water shortages on urban development was analyzed. The results show as follows:(1) the composite stress index of water resources in Urumqi showed a rapid growth trend,which rises from 0.32 of 1995 to 1.08 of 2012. The main reasons are the deterioration of water resources,the rapid growth of population and the difference in water quota with developed areas. (2) Per capita water resources of Urumqi continued to decline,which was 729.54 m3 in 1995 and 377.8 m3 in 2012,with 48.21% of decreasing. It was transferred from moderate to severe shortage of water resources,and the ratioes of water resources exploiting and utilization were over 100% after 2009,which affects significantly on urban expansion and hinders the growth rate of urban economic development. (3) Strengthening water management capacity,accelerating intensity of water-saving,implementation of inter-basin water transfer,and industrial restructuring were effective to ease the pressure on water resources and promote cities to healthy development.

Key words: water resources, pressure index, urban development, oasis city, Urumqi

中图分类号: 

  • TV213.9