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干旱区地理 ›› 2013, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 457-466.

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

极端干旱条件下策勒绿洲引种植物水分生理特征研究

彭守兰1,2,3,曾凡江1,3,刘波1,2,3,张利刚1,2,3,罗维成1,2,3,宋聪1,2,3,Stefan K.Arndt4,彭慧清5   

  1. (1   中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,  新疆    乌鲁木齐    830011;    2    中国科学院大学,  北京    100049;3    新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测试验站,  新疆    策勒    848300;    4    澳大利亚墨尔本大学森林与生态系统科学系,  澳大利亚    Creswick    3363;    5    塔里木油田矿区综合服务中心,  新疆    库尔勒    841000)
  • 收稿日期:2012-09-12 修回日期:2012-12-03 出版日期:2013-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 曾凡江,男,博士,研究员,Email:zengfj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:彭守兰(1988-),女,新疆阿克苏人,硕士在读,研究方向为水土保持与荒漠化防治. Email:pengshoulan@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC54B01)

Water physiological characteristics of introduced plants under extreme drought conditions in Cele Oasis

PENG  Shou-lan1,2,3,ZENG  Fan-jiang1,2,LIU  Bo1,2,3,ZHANG  Li-gang1,2,3,LUO  Wei-cheng1,2,3,SONG  Cong1,2,3,Stefan K. Arndt4,PENG  Hui-qing5   

  1. (1   Xinjiang  Institute  of  Ecology  and  Geography, Chinese  Academy  of  Sciences, Urumqi  830011, Xinjiang, China;   2   Graduate  University  of  Chinese  Academy  of  Sciences, Beijing  100049, China;   3   Cele  National  Station  of  Observation  and  Research  for  Desert-Grassland  Ecosystem  in  Xinjiang, Cele  848300, Xinjiang, China;   4   School  of  Forest  and  Ecosystem  Science, University  of  Melbourne, Water  Street, 3363, Creswick, VIC, Australia;5   Tarim  Oilfield  mine  Integrated  Services  Centre, Korla  841000, Xinjiang, China)
  • Received:2012-09-12 Revised:2012-12-03 Online:2013-05-25

摘要: 在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的中国科学院策勒沙漠研究站植物引种筛选实验区内,以3 a生文冠果、花棒和紫叶小檗为实验材料,研究三种植物经历持续干旱到短期复水过程中的生理生态响应。结果表明:(1)干旱复水后花棒和紫叶小檗的chla、chlb、叶绿素总量以及chla/b值均随土壤含水量的增加而显著增加,文冠果的叶绿素及其组分含量减少。水分变化对chla含量影响较大。(2)三种植物的MDA含量、SS含量在复水后并没有减少,而是显著的增加,文冠果的增加量最大;各物种的脯氨酸的含量降低,紫叶小糪减少的最多。(3)三种植物的清晨水势和正午水势随土壤水分含量的增加而降低,花棒和紫叶小檗的水势变化较小,水分亏缺迹象不显著。文冠果和花棒的抗逆性较强,而紫叶小檗对水分变化比较敏感。本研究结果可为研究区引种植物的适应性及防护林建设中的植物种选择提供理论参考。

关键词: 干旱复水, 生理生化指标, 水势, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: The southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert is one of the most serious desertification areas in China. Natural vegetation type is scarce in desert-oasis transition zone,and [Alhagi sparsifolia,][Tamarix ramosissima] and [Karelinia caspica] are the main constructive species and dominant plants. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce some new species which have strong drought resistance, high water use efficiency and high economic values. Three kinds of three-year-old sand fixing plants,Xanthoceras sorbifolia(X) Bunge,[Hedysarum scoparium] Fisch.et Mey(H),and [Berberis thunbergii] cv. Atropurpurea(B) were taken as the experimental materials in this experiment, their physio-ecological responses in the period from persistent drought to short-time re-watering were investigated in this area. The purpose of this paper was to understand physiological and ecological responses of the three introduction plants to soil moisture changes. The results showed that re-watering after drought stress due to the increase of soil moisture results in increase in chla,chlb,chl and chla/b of H and B significantly, while the four indexes of X reduce. Soil moisture changes had relatively larger impact on the chla. Total chlorophyll of H and B increased by 46.13%,60.26%,but X decreased by 21.32%. MDA and SS contents of the three plants did not decrease but a significant increase and both index of X increased dramatically,206.32% and 199.40% respectively; while the Pro content was inordinately lower and B had a big reduction, which is 87.86%. The morning and noon water potential of three species declined with the increase of soil moisture;morning potential reduction of three plants were 115.25%,100.59%,90.97% and morning potential reduction of three plants were 86.92%,5.74%,11.20% respectively. Especially,water potential of H and B changed relatively smaller, which showed that signs of water deficit of the two plants was not significant. Compared to the three plants,X and H had a strong resistance to drought,and B was more sensitive to soil moisture change. On the one hand,the innovative point of our experiment is to select three plants under natural conditions which experienced drought and sporadic rainfall and compare the physiological and biochemical index and water potential changes of three plants to analyze the drought resistance and environmental adaptability of them. On the other hand,our experiment has a good application value. The results provide theoretical references for introduced plants adaptability and plant species selection in shelterbelt construction in the research area.

Key words: re-watering, physiological and biochemical indexes, water potential, Taklimakan Desert

中图分类号: 

  • Q945