大气红外探测器(AIRS)资料在塔克拉玛干沙漠的适用性检验与评估

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.05.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于沙漠恶劣的环境，观测站点稀少，塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的温度、湿度时空分布很难仅仅依靠少量的常规观测资料分析得到，高分辨率的大气红外探测器（AIRS）资料可有效弥补这个空缺。地形和地表发射率是影响AIRS反演温湿度廓线产品进度的两大要素，在塔里木盆地的塔克拉玛干沙漠地区使用AIRS温湿度产品必须首先对其质量进行检验。本研究主要对2016年7月1~15日晴空背景下AIRS反演的温度、位势高度、水汽数据在塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边绿洲地区在早晨和傍晚的可信度作了详细的对比分析。结果表明：（1） AIRS卫星资料集里的温度资料与探空数据有很好的吻合度。温度资料在沙漠腹地尚有较小偏差，在周边绿洲地区尤其是其中高层一致性较高。AIRS反演温度在沙漠腹地的塔中站在早晨各层的偏差明显大于傍晚，其余各站早晨和傍晚反演偏差不大。（2） AIRS卫星测得的位势高度资料几乎与探空资料的完全一致，是本对比研究中观测质量最好的要素，但AIRS探测层次能达到1 hPa，探测高度优于探空。（3）反演的湿度廓线与探空偏差较大。AIRS资料的混合比在300 hPa上的高层与探空吻合，在中层偏干，低层偏湿，低层水汽探测误差可能与盆地地形和沙漠下垫面有关。（4）早晨沙漠腹地的塔中站AIRS反演气温平均偏差在各层均比其余7个绿洲站明显偏大，在500 hPa以下的低层明显偏冷，在其上明显偏暖，偏暖幅度随高度的升高而增大。早晨绿洲AIRS反演温度在所有气压层上温度偏差绝对值均在1℃以内，均方根误差小于2℃，傍晚偏差绝对值在3℃以内，均方根误差在700 hPa以下的低层较高层大，700 hPa以上在3℃以内。绝对误差在早晨和傍晚均随高度的升高而减小，在100 hPa以上又有逆转，这种逆转在塔中站尤为明显。

关键词: AIRS, 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 质量检验, 探空

Abstract: The temporal and spatial distribution features of air temperatures and humidity in Taklimakan Desert,south Xinjiang,China,could hardly be learned by the seven sounding sites there,while the high resolution atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) data can effectively make up for the vacancy.However,the quality of AIRS retrievals suffers from complex topographic condition and land-surface emissivity,it is necessary to do the quality validation before applying them in this desert region.This study mainly focused on quality validation of AIRS retrieved air temperature,geopotential height as well as water vapor mixing ratio by comparing them with the field experimental soundings in both Taklimakan Desert and other seven traditional sounding sites over oasis region at nightfall and in the morning respectively.It is showed that,Firstly,the temperature data in the AIRS satellite data set are in good agreement with the radiosonde observation (RAOB).The temperature data are relatively small in the hinterland of the desert,and higher in the surrounding oasis regions,especially in the upper level.The AIRS inversion of temperature in the tower of the desert hinterland,the deviation of each layer in the morning is obviously greater than that at nightfall,and the other stations have little deviation in the morning and nightfall.Secondly,the geopotential height data measured by AIRS satellite is almost the same as RAOB,which is the best factor in the comparative study.The detection level of AIRS can reach 1 hPa,which is much higher than that of RAOB.Thirdly,mixing ratio of AIRS data coincides with the upper RAOB of 300 hPa,and smaller in the middle layers,higher in the lower layers.Finally,the statistical results showed that in the morning,the AIRS inversion temperature deviation over Tazhong sounding station in each layer were higher than that over the other 7 oasis stations,warmer above 500 hPa and cooler below,and the higher the warmer.While the AIRS inversion temperature over the remaining 7 oasis sounding station is generally higher than soundings above 500 hPa and lower below.The RMSE of the AIRS inversion temperature over the selected seven oasis sounding sites is decreased with the height being increased.The RMSE of the AIRS inversion temperature over desert sites is acceptably small,but presents a comparatively larger bias in the morning possibly due to the great emissivity there and its location in the center of the Tarim Basin.

Key words: AIRS, Taklimakan Desert, validation, radiosonde

中图分类号:

P412.2

马玉芬, 潘红林, 张海亮, 刘军建, 李曼, 杜鹃. 大气红外探测器(AIRS)资料在塔克拉玛干沙漠的适用性检验与评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(5): 908-922.

MA Yu-fen, PAN Hong-lin, ZHANG Hai-liang, LIU Jun-jian, LI Man, DU Juan. Applicability validation and evaluation of AIRS retrievals in the Taklimakan Desert[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(5): 908-922.

参考文献

[1] 延昊,矫梅燕,毕宝贵,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠中心的沙尘气溶胶观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):389-393.[YAN Hao,JIAO Meiyan,BI Baogui,et al.Observation on sand-dust aerosol in center of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Jounal of Desert Research.2006,26(3):389-393.]
[2] 李江风.新疆气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1991.[LI Jiangfeng.Climate of Xinjiang[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1991.]
[3] 李江风.塔克拉玛干沙漠和周边山区天气气候[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.[LI Jiangfeng.The weather and climate in the Taklimakan Desert and the surrounding mountains[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.]
[4] 普宗朝,张山清,李景林,等.近47 a塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区气候变化[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):413-421.[PU Zongchao,ZHANG Shanqing,LI Jinglin,et al.Climate change of area around Taklimakan Desert during 1961-2007[J]. Jounal of Desert Research,2010,30(2):413-421.]
[5] 刘晓阳,毛节泰,张帆,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠地区水汽分布特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,(2):267-276.[LIU Xiaoyang,MAO Jietai,ZHANG Fan,et al.Characteristics of water vapor distribution in Taklimakan Desert[J].Chinese Science:Earth Science,2012,(2):267-276.]
[6] 杨青,魏文寿,李军.塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边地区大气水汽量的时空变化[J].科学通报,2008,(S2):64-70.[YANG Qing,WEI Wenshou,LI Jun.Temporal and spatial variations of atmospheric water vapor in the Taklimakan Desert and surrounding areas[J].Bulletin of Science,2008,(S2):64-70.]
[7] 缪启龙,王晶,何清,等.南疆沙漠腹地大气边界层气象要素廓线分析[J].气象与减灾研究,2009,32(2):6-10.[MIU Qilong,WANG Jing,HE Qing,et al.Analysis of meteorological elements in the atmospheric boundary layer in the hinterland of the southern Xinjiang desert[J].Meteorological and Disaster Reduction Research,2009,32(2):6-10.]
[8] 何清.塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中大气边界层结构及地-气相互作用观测研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2009.[HE Qing.Observation of atmospheric boundary layer structure and ground air interaction in the Taklimakan Desert[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,2009.]
[9] 杨兴华,何清,阿吉古丽·沙依提,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴过程的大气边界层特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(6):11-15.[YANG Xinghua,HE Qing,SHAYITI Ajiguli,et al.Analysis of the atmospheric boundary layer characteristics of the sand storm in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2011,5(6):11-15.]
[10] WANG Minzhong,HU Min,ZHANG Jiantao.Vertical structure of summer clear-sky atmospheric boundary layer over the hinterland and southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert[J].Meteorological Applications.2016,23:438-447.
[11] 崔丽娜,崔彩霞,李春花,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠及其周边山区水汽时空分布特征[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(35):17244-17248.[CUI Lina,CUI Caixia,LI Chunhua,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water vapor in the Taklimakan Desert and its surrounding mountains[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(35):17244-17248.]
[12] WANG Minzhong,HU Min.Quantitative detection of mass concentration of sand-dust storms via wind-profiling radar and analysis of Z-M relationship[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology.2018,131:927-935.
[13] 占瑞芬,李建平.青藏高原地区大气红外探测器(AIRS)资料质量检验及揭示的上对流层水汽特征[J].大气科学,2008,32(2):242-260.[ZHAN Ruifen,LI Jianping.The quality test of atmospheric infrared detector (AIRS) data of the Tibetan Plateau and the upper tropospheric water vapor characteristics it revealed[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2008,32(2):242-260.]
[14] WILLIAM L Smith,吕月华.卫星探测的大气资料对改进天气预报是渺茫的或是起关键作用[J].气象科技,1992,(4):7-17.[WILLIAM L Smith,LV Yuehua.The atmospheric data of satellite detection is uncertain or crucial for improving weather prediction[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,1992,(4):7-17.]
[15] 吴雪宝,MENZEL P,HUANG Allen.高光谱红外卫星资料反演大气和云参数[C]//农业生态与卫星遥感应用技术学术交流会论文摘要集,2006.[WU Xuebao,MENZEL P,HUANG Allen.Hyperspectral infrared satellite data inversion of atmospheric and cloud parameters[C]//Summary of Academic Exchange Conference on Agro Ecology and Satellite Remote Sensing Application Technology,2006.]
[16] 董超华,李俊,张鹏.卫星高光谱红外大气遥感原理和应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.[DONG Chaohua,LI Jun,ZHANG Peng.Principles and applications of satellite hyperspectral infrared atmospheric remote sensing[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.]
[17] AIRS user guide.http://eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov/atmodyn/airs/airs-documentation.html.
[18] AUMANN H H,CHAHINE M T,GAUTIER C,et al.AIRS/AMSU/HSB on the Aqua mission:Design,science objectives,data products and processing systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2003,41(2):253-264.
[19] PARKINSON C L.Aqua:An Earth-Observing Satellite mission to examine water and other climate variables[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2003,41(2):173-183.
[20] GETTELMAN A,WEINSTOCK E M,FETZER E J,et al.Validation of Aqua satellite data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with in situ aircraft instruments[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,109(22):359-393.
[21] SUSSKIND J,BARNET C D,BLAISDELL J M.Retrieval of atmospheric and surface parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of clouds[J].Geoscience & Remote Sensing IEEE Transactions on,2003,41(2):390-409.
[22] 刘辉,董超华,张文建,等.AIRS晴空大气温度廓线反演试验[J].气象学报,2008,66(4):513-519.[LIU Hui,DONG Chaohua,ZHANG Wenjian,et al.AIRS atmospheric temperature profile inversion experiment in clear air[J].Journal of Meteorology,2008,66(4):513-519.]
[23] 官莉,牟凤军,赵凤环.AIRS与COSMIC反演大气温湿廓线比较[C]//2009苏皖两省大气探测、环境遥感与电子技术学术研讨会专辑,2009.[GUAN Li,MOU Fengjun,ZHAO Fenghuan.AIRS and COSMIC inversion of atmospheric temperature and wet profile comparison in 2009[C]//Academic symposium on atmospheric exploration,environmental remote sensing and electronic technology in two provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui,2009.]
[24] 倪成诚,李国平,熊效振.AIRS资料在川藏地区适用性的验证[J].山地学报,2013,31(6):656-663.[NI Chengcheng,LI Guoping,XIONG Xiaozhen.Validation of applicability of AIRS data in Sichuan Tibet area[J].Journal of Mountain Sciences,2013,31(6):656-663.]
[25] 高文华,赵凤生,盖长松.大气红外探测器(AIRS)温、湿度反演产品的有效性检验及在数值模式中的应用研究[J].气象学报,2006,64(3):271-280.[GAO Wenhua,ZHAO Fengsheng,GAI Changsong.The validity of the atmospheric infrared detector (AIRS) temperature and humidity inversion products and its application in the numerical model[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2006,64(3):271-280.]
[26] LOVELAND T R,REED B C,BROWN J F,et al.Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISC over from 1 km AVHRR data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(6-7):1303-1330.
[27] 盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003:19-21.[SHENG Peixuan,MAO Jietai,LI Jianguo,et al.Atmospheric Physics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2003:19-21.]
[28] 王敏仲,魏文寿,魏刚,等.风廓线雷达对塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘及晴空湍流的探测研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(4):581-586.[WANG Minzhong,WEI Wenshou,WEI Gang,et al.The detection of wind profile radar on the sand dust and clear air turbulence in the Taklimakan Desert[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2014,29(4):581-586.]
[29] WANG Minzhong,WEI Wenshou,HE Qing,et al.Summer atmospheric boundary layer structure in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2016,8(6):846-860.