中国北方地区尘卷风时空分布的数值模拟

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.13

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 1003-1010.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.13

中国北方地区尘卷风时空分布的数值模拟

韩超信^1,^2,³(),汤耀国^1,⁴(),韩永翔^1,²,李嘉欣^1,²,郭建茂^1,²

1.南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京 210044
2.中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京 210044
3.甘肃兰州市气象局,甘肃兰州 730030
4.广西南宁市气象局,广西南宁 530001

收稿日期:2020-04-12 修回日期:2021-02-25 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-02
通讯作者: 汤耀国
作者简介:韩超信（1995-）,男,硕士生、助理工程师,主要从事气象环境与尘卷风研究. E-mail: 691358223@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41875176)

Simulation of spatial-temporal distribution of dust devil in northern China

HAN Chaoxin^1,^2,³(),TANG Yaoguo^1,⁴(),HAN Yongxiang^1,²,LI Jiaxin^1,²,GUO Jianmao^1,²

1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
2. Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
3. Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
4. Nanning Meteorological Bureau, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China

Received:2020-04-12 Revised:2021-02-25 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-02
Contact: Yaoguo TANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

尘卷风是沙尘气溶胶的重要来源,它可能对全球和区域环境、气候有重要的影响。为了获得尘卷风起沙量的时空特征,通过利用尘卷风起沙参数化方案并将其耦合到WRF（Weather research and forecasting model）模式中,模拟了中国北方尘卷风的日月时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）在10:00—14:00（北京时）,每日空间分布从东往西尘卷风逐渐出现且强度逐渐增强,然后在14:00—20:00,尘卷风区域从东逐渐向西收缩且强度逐渐减弱。月空间分布从3月起逐渐在塔克拉玛干沙漠、库姆塔格沙漠和柴达木盆地出现了尘卷风中心,然后逐渐扩展到所有沙漠并在6月达到峰值。7月以后尘卷风出现区域与强度急剧下降,到10月已经没有尘卷风出现。（2）塔克拉玛干沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠的尘卷风日变化均呈单峰分布,从早晨09:00开始出现,到14:00—15:00达到峰值,之后快速下降。其月变化趋势大体均呈单峰分布,从3月开始尘卷风出现并且强度增加,到6月达到峰值,然后快速下降,9月底尘卷风消失,巴丹吉林沙漠尘卷风波动幅度大于塔克拉玛干沙漠。（3）模拟与观测的尘卷风日、月时间变化特征在细节上略有不同,但二者的趋势是大体一样,表明尘卷风起沙参数化方案具有较高的适用性。这一研究成果将有助于我们对沙尘气溶胶的来源、环境和气候变化的深入理解。

关键词: 沙尘气溶胶, WRF模式, 尘卷风起沙参数化方案, 时空分布

Abstract:

Using a parameterized scheme of dust devils and its coupling with the weather research and forecasting model(WRF), the daily and monthly spatiotemporal variation characteristics of dust devils are simulated in northern China. The results show the following. (1) The daily spatial distribution of dust devils gradually appears from east to west, and its intensity gradually increases, from 10:00-14:00 (Beijing time). Then, the dust devil region gradually shrinks and the strength weakens from east to west from 14:00-20:00. From March, dust devil centers gradually appear in the Taklimakan Desert, Kumtag Desert, and Qaidam Basin and then gradually expand to all deserts, reaching a peak in June. There is a sharp decrease in the area and intensity of the dusty devils after July, and there are no dust devils in October. (2) The diurnal time variations of the dust devils present a single-peak distribution in the Taklimakan and Badain Jaran Deserts that starts at 09:00 (local time), reaches its peak at 14:00-15:00 (local time), and then decreases rapidly. The monthly time variation trend of the dust devils is generally unimodal, starting in March and reaching its peak in June, then rapidly declining and disappearing at the end of September. The fluctuation range of the dust devils in the Badain Jaran Desert is larger than that in the Taklimakan Desert. (3) The simulated and observed daily and monthly time variation characteristics of the dust devils are slightly different; however, the trends of the two are basically the same, implying that the parameterized dust devil scheme has high applicability. Dust aerosols are the main component of atmospheric aerosols, which affect the interactions and material cycles between the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere through the iron fertilizer effect; however, dust aerosols are often thought to be a product of dust storms. Dust devils are small thermal-based dust emission systems that differ from the large power-based dust emission systems of dust storms; however, the extent of their occurrence and dust emissions are still unknown. The parameterized dust devil scheme can simulate the occurrence range, characteristics, and dust emissions of dust devils, which provides a basis for estimating the contribution of dust devils to atmospheric dust aerosols. This study shows that dust devils are an important source of dust aerosols, which may have an important influence on global and regional environmental and climate changes, and will therefore contribute to our understanding of dust aerosol sources and environmental and climate changes.

Key words: dust aerosol, WRF/Chem mode, parameterized scheme for dust devil, spatial-temporal distribution

韩超信,汤耀国,韩永翔,李嘉欣,郭建茂. 中国北方地区尘卷风时空分布的数值模拟[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 1003-1010.

HAN Chaoxin,TANG Yaoguo,HAN Yongxiang,LI Jiaxin,GUO Jianmao. Simulation of spatial-temporal distribution of dust devil in northern China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 1003-1010.

图/表 4

参考文献 29

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中国北方地区尘卷风时空分布的数值模拟

Simulation of spatial-temporal distribution of dust devil in northern China

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