吐鲁番迁站前后气温和风速差值精细化分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.04

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 914-922.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.04

吐鲁番迁站前后气温和风速差值精细化分析

胡义成^1,²(),宁金鸽¹,刘卫平¹,王秋香¹(),刘叶³,钟海英⁴

1.新疆气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
3.新疆气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
4.吐鲁番气象局,新疆吐鲁番 838007

收稿日期:2020-04-08 修回日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-02
通讯作者: 王秋香
作者简介:胡义成（1984-）,男,副研级高级工程师,主要从事高空和地面气象资料质量控制、气象数据服务以及气候变化研究. E-mail: hyc6013wayne@sina.com
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0102);中亚大气科学研究基金项目(CAAS201808)

Refined analysis of air temperature and wind speed difference before and after migration of Turpan station

HU Yicheng^1,²(),NING Jin ‘ge¹,LIU Weiping¹,WANG Qiuxiang¹(),LIU Ye³,ZHONG Haiying⁴

1. Xinjiang Meteorological Information Center, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
2. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
4. Turpan Meteorological Bureau, Turpan 838007, Xinjiang, China

Received:2020-04-08 Revised:2020-11-13 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-02
Contact: Qiuxiang WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取吐鲁番新旧站2017年逐小时气温、风速对比观测资料计算小时差值并进行分级;同时选择1988—2018年逐月平均气温、风速做t检验。结果表明：（1）吐鲁番新旧站气温和风速差值均为偏态分布,多数为正且差值分布较分散,仅40.7%的气温差值在-1 ℃<△T<1 ℃之间,32.1%的气温差值在±2 ℃之外;46%的风速差值在-1 m·s^-1<△S<1 m·s^-1之间,21.4%的风速差值在±2 m·s^-1之外。（2）气温负差值多发生在白天11：00—18：00,冷季10月—次年5月负差值略大,平均负差值最低可达-1.5 ℃。气温正差值多发生在18：00—次日11：00之间,差值较大值（△T≥2 ℃）主要发生在暖季4—11月,逐时平均气温差值最高可达5 ℃;正是因为暖季夜晚新旧站气温差值较大,造成2016年吐鲁番迁站时春、夏、秋季3—11月月平均气温出现断点（通过P<0.01的显著性t检验）。（3）与同处干旱区的阿克苏站比较发现,下垫面及其观测环境对气温的影响是导致这种结果的根本原因。风速正差值△S≥1 m·s^-1多发生在暖季3—9月;风速差值较小值（-1 m·s^-1<△S<1 m·s^-1）在冷季（10—12月和1—3月）比例较多。t检验显示（P<0.01）,2016年迁站各月平均风速均出现了断点。

关键词: 气温, 风速, 差值, 对比分析, 吐鲁番

Abstract:

To study the impact of the station’s relocation on the quality of the data obtained from the arid area, data from different periods and seasons from the old and new stations at Turpan meteorological station were selected. The Turpan meteorological station is located in the northwest arid area of China and was subjected to large environmental changes before and after the station’s relocation. In past research, the difference in the obtained values between the old and new stations was smoothed out and presented as an average value of the annual, seasonal, and monthly differences, but this prevented any diurnal variations from being accurately demonstrated. In this paper, we used the hourly air temperature and wind speed data from 2017 to make comparative observations between the old and new Turpan stations to calculate and classify the hourly data difference. Additionally, the monthly average air temperature and wind speed data from 1988 to 2018 were selected for the t-test and continuity check. (1) Because of the large environmental differences between the old and new stations, the differences in the air temperature and wind speed have a positive and scattered skewed distribution. Only 40.7% of the difference in air temperature was within ±1 °C, and 32.1% exceeded ±2 °C; 46% of the difference in wind speed was within ±1 m·s^-1, and 21.4% exceeded ±2 m·s^-1. (2) The negative air temperature differences occurred mainly between 11:00 and 18:00 (i.e., during the daytime) and were slightly greater in the cold season (from October to May), with the lowest average negative difference being -1.5 °C. The greater positive air temperature differences between the new and old stations △T≥2 °C occurred mainly between 18:00 and 11:00 during the warm season (from April to November). The maximum average difference value reached 5 °C. Because of the large difference in the air temperature between the old and the new stations at night during the warm season, the monthly average air temperature in Turpan from March to November had a breaking point in 2016; this passes the 99% significance test. (3) Compared with the Aksu station in the same arid area, this demonstrates the influence of the underlying surface and observation environment on the air temperature. The positive difference of the wind speed △S≥1 m·s^-1 occurred mainly between March and September (in the warm season), whereas -1 m·s^-1<△S<1 m·s^-1 occurred mainly in the cold season (November-December and January-March). With the 99% significance test, breakpoints in the monthly wind speed for the whole year were observed.

Key words: air temperature, wind speed, the difference value, comparative analysis, Turpan

胡义成,宁金鸽,刘卫平,王秋香,刘叶,钟海英. 吐鲁番迁站前后气温和风速差值精细化分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 914-922.

HU Yicheng,NING Jin ‘ge,LIU Weiping,WANG Qiuxiang,LIU Ye,ZHONG Haiying. Refined analysis of air temperature and wind speed difference before and after migration of Turpan station[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 914-922.

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气温差值/℃	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
△T≤-2	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.11	0.18	0.10	0.04	0.08	0.05	0.18	0.12	0.04
-2<△T≤-1	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.12	0.10	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.07
-1<△T<0	0.22	0.13	0.14	0.08	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.09
0≤△T<1	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.14
1≤△T<2	0.02	0.08	0.11	0.08	0.07	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.06	0.14	0.06
2≤△T<3	0.00	0.03	0.04	0.12	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.17	0.01
3≤△T<4	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.11	0.12	0.15	0.10	0.11	0.17	0.16	0.00
4≤△T<5	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.09	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.19	0.26	0.07	0.00
5≤△T<7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.12	0.15	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.19	0.01	0.00
△T ≥7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.14	0.20	0.27	0.17	0.19	0.02	0.00	0.00

气温差值/℃	01:00	02:00	03:00	04:00	05:00	06:00	07:00	08:00	09:00	10:00	11:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	15:00	16:00	17:00	18:00	19:00	20:00	21:00	22:00	23:00	24:00
△T≤-2	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.10	0.24	0.18	0.16	0.12	0.13	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
-2<△T≤-1	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.09	0.14	0.17	0.15	0.17	0.11	0.06	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
-1<△T<0	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.06	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03
0≤△T<1	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05
1≤△T<2	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.05
2≤△T<3	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.04
3≤△T<4	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.08
4≤△T<5	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.08
5≤△T<7	0.06	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.07
△T≥7	0.05	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.17	0.27	0.20	0.10	0.05

风速差值/m·s^-1	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
△S≤-1	0.16	0.06	0.13	0.11	0.14	0.02	0.10	0.05	0.08	0.02	0.08	0.06
-1<△S<0	0.20	0.09	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.07	0.04	0.08	0.10	0.12
0≤△S<1	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.10
1≤△S<2	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.07	0.04
2≤△S<3	0.03	0.06	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.11	0.06	0.04	0.02
3≤△S<5	0.00	0.02	0.10	0.11	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.09	0.05	0.01	0.00
△S≥5	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.13	0.29	0.12	0.11	0.17	0.02	0.00	0.00

风速差值/m·s^-1	01:00	02:00	03:00	04:00	05:00	06:00	07:00	08:00	09:00	10:00	11:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	15:00	16:00	17:00	18:00	19:00	20:00	21:00	22:00	23:00	24:00
△S<0	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03
0≤△S<1	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04
1≤△S<2	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04
2≤△S<3	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.06
3≤△S<5	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.05
△S≥5	0.04	0.02	0.07	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.08	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.04

要素	指标	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
气温	t值	-2.29	-2.45	-9.31	-7.40	-5.87	-16.20	-20.01	-12.79	-16.60	-6.11	-3.17	-1.20
气温	保证率	0.030	0.021	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.241
风速	t值	-16.19	-18.11	-25.96	-32.99	-33.24	-30.21	-32.47	-34.03	-34.83	-28.07	-20.96	-14.65
风速	保证率	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

吐鲁番迁站前后气温和风速差值精细化分析

Refined analysis of air temperature and wind speed difference before and after migration of Turpan station

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站点		1月	4月	7月	10月
吐鲁番	夜晚(19：00—次日10：00)	-0.10	1.32	3.59	3.60
吐鲁番	白天(11：00—18：00)	-0.72	-1.09	0.03	-0.28
阿克苏	夜晚(19：00—次日10：00)	-1.12	0.02	-0.69	-1.08
阿克苏	白天(11：00—18：00)	-0.49	-0.17	-0.58	-0.44

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