新疆罗布泊地区33.9 ka BP以来沉积物粒度记录的环境演化过程

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.648

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中纬度地区西风气候系统的变化过程对揭示高-低纬气候相互作用机制具有重要意义。塔里木盆地位于北半球中纬度，是受西风环流显著影响的典型干旱区，其气候变化是理解北大西洋与亚洲季风系统耦合关系的关键区域。目前该区域水热配置模式与全球气候系统协同演化尚存争议。分析新疆罗布泊罗北凹地ZK0205孔0.00~16.10 m沉积物样品，识别出3个对环境变化敏感的粒级组分：黏粒（<5 μm）、粉砂（5~63 μm）和砂粒（>63 μm）。结合流域沉积规律与现代观测，3个组分分别指示径流变化、风尘活动强度与水动力条件。基于加速器质谱碳十四测年的年代框架，重建了研究区33.9 ka BP以来的环境演化序列。结果表明：（1）罗布泊地区在深海氧同位素阶段3气候相对湿润，深海氧同位素阶段2转为干旱，全新世整体呈现暖干特征，揭示了晚更新世以来水热组合的阶段性转变。（2）粒度组分变化与北格陵兰冰芯项目冰芯氧同位素比值记录对比显示，该区域较好地响应了北半球千年尺度气候事件，其响应模式随气候背景发生系统性转变。（3）罗布泊位于西风核心区与边缘过渡带的交界处，其气候演化不仅受全球气候背景制约，同时受到西风与季风系统的共同调制，导致区域气候模式呈现高度复杂性。

关键词: 罗布泊, 湖泊沉积, 粒度分析, 地层组成, 中亚干旱区

Abstract:

The evolution of the mid-latitude westerly climate system is crucial for understanding interaction mechanisms between high- and low-latitude climate systems. The Tarim Basin, located in the typical arid to semiarid zone influenced by the Northern Hemisphere westerlies, serves as a key region for deciphering the coupling between the North Atlantic and Asian monsoon systems. However, debates remain regarding its moisture-heat configuration patterns and their co-evolution with global climate systems. This study analyzes grain-size fractions from 295 samples of the 0.00-16.10 m sediment core ZK0205 in the Luobei Depression of Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China. Three environmentally sensitive grain-size fractions are identified: Clay (<5 μm), silt (5-63 μm), and sand (>63 μm), which are interpreted as indicators of runoff input, aeolian activity intensity, and strong hydrodynamics, respectively, based on sedimentary characteristics of arid lake basins and modern observational data. Supported by an AMS ¹⁴C chronological framework, the environmental evolution of the study area since 33.9 ka BP was reconstructed. The main findings are as follows: (1) The Lop Nur region experienced humid conditions during MIS3, which shifted to arid conditions during MIS2. Overall, the Holocene was characterized by warm and dry conditions, revealing phased changes in moisture-heat configuration on a millennial scale. (2) Comparison between grain-size fraction variations and the Greenland NGRIP ice core δ¹⁸O record indicates that the region responded sensitively to Northern Hemisphere millennial-scale climate events. Notably, the response pattern shifted systematically with background climate states (warm periods MIS1/MIS3 against cold periods MIS2). (3) Located at the boundary between the core westerlies domain and its transitional margin, the climate evolution of Lop Nur was constrained by global climatic background conditions and jointly influenced by the westerlies and Asian monsoon systems. This interplay results in high complex regional climatic variability.

Key words: Lop Nur, lacustrine deposit, grain-size analysis, stratigraphic composition, arid Central Asia

易庭楠, 常宏, 罗家馨, 龙雪颖, 马宝成, 赵亮亮. 新疆罗布泊地区33.9 ka BP以来沉积物粒度记录的环境演化过程[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(8): 1687-1699.

YI Tingnan, CHANG Hong, LUO Jiaxin, LONG Xueying, MA Baocheng, ZHAO Liangliang. Grain-size record of environmental evolution in the Lop Nur in Xinjiang since 33.9 ka BP[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(8): 1687-1699.

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深度/m	岩性地层
0.00~1.54	浅灰黄色细粒石盐集合含少量细砂，松散堆积，石盐晶体呈无色透明
1.54~3.54	浅灰色细粒石膏集合含少量粉砂，石膏晶体呈灰白色细粒针状集合排列
3.54~4.54	灰黄色块状粉砂含少量石膏隐晶质，偶见石盐
4.54~5.42	灰白色块状粉砂含细粒石盐及少量黏土
5.42~6.72	灰黑色块状黏土含粉砂及少量细粒石膏
6.72~11.96	深灰色块状细粒钙芒硝含粉砂钙芒硝晶体呈灰色鳞板状、片状集合，与粉砂胶结，可见少量孔隙。在9.21~11.00 m阶段，粉砂与细砂含量增多
11.96~15.85	黑绿色块状黏土含少量粉砂，偶见钙芒硝隐晶体。15 m后钙芒硝含量逐渐增加颜色转为灰黄色
15.85~16.10	灰绿色块状细粒钙芒硝胶结粉砂，结构坚硬致密

实验室编号	样品编号	深度/m	材料	测试年龄/ka BP	校正年龄/ka BP	数据质量
XA55102	ZK0205-5H-2	3.68	有机沉积物	10.200±0.030	9.926±0.073	有效
XA55103	ZK0205-5H-7	3.98	有机沉积物	10.000±0.030	9.860±0.168	剔除
XA50296	ZK0205-14C-2	5.24	有机沉积物	10.705±0.030	10.763±0.029	剔除
XA55104	ZK0205-7H-5	5.67	有机沉积物	14.850±0.040	16.220±0.096	有效
XA50297	ZK0205-14C-3	10.70	有机沉积物	23.170±0.060	25.510±0.185	有效
XA50298	ZK0205-14C-4	11.20	有机沉积物	12.425±0.040	12.639±0.303	剔除
XA55105	ZK0205-11H-29	12.60	有机沉积物	25.000±0.040	27.352±0.320	有效
XA55106	ZK0205-12H-23	14.34	有机沉积物	28.095±0.125	30.052±0.324	有效
XA50300	ZK0205-14C-6	15.98	有机沉积物	36.450±0.150	34.580±0.310	有效

深度/m	平均粒径/μm	中值粒径/μm	标准偏差/μm
0.00~1.54	18.30~115.00	6.24~20.50	0.833~1.361
1.54~3.54	9.17~41.10	4.90~12.60	1.112~1.521
3.54~4.54	7.43~40.60	4.84~29.20	1.008~1.447
4.54~5.42	8.48~17.60	4.88~9.97	1.147~1.436
5.42~6.72	10.50~26.50	5.44~12.80	1.113~1.286
6.72~11.96	8.98~235.11	5.08~220.00	0.876~2.191
11.96~15.85	2.04~158.00	0.79~173.00	0.945~1.947
15.85~16.10	14.00~75.20	15.90~16.10	0.970~1.333