地表风化作用对楼兰地区雅丹地貌发育的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.06.15

干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1278-1284.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.06.15

地表风化作用对楼兰地区雅丹地貌发育的影响

林永崇^1,2,3, 穆桂金^1,3, 秦小光⁴, 唐自华⁴, 李文^1,3,5, 徐立帅⁶

1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2 闽南师范大学历史地理学院, 福建漳州 363000;
3 新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测试验站, 新疆策勒 848300;
4 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029;
5 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
6 山西农业大学资源与环境学院, 山西太古 030801

收稿日期:2018-07-01 修回日期:2018-09-29 出版日期:2018-11-25
通讯作者: 穆桂金,研究员,主要从事环境演变研究.E-mail:gjmu@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:林永崇(1983-),男,福建漳州人,博士,研究方向为环境演变.E-mail:linyongchong@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41601012）；罗布泊自然与文化遗产综合科学考察项目（2014FY210500）资助

Weathering impact on the development of Yardang landforms in Loulan region

LIN Yong-chong^1,2,3, MU Gui-jin^1,3, QIN Xiao-guang⁴, TANG Zi-hua⁴, LI Wen^1,3,5, XU Li-shuai⁶

1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
2 School of History and Geography, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China;
3 Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, Xinjiang, China;
4 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
6 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China

Received:2018-07-01 Revised:2018-09-29 Online:2018-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风蚀是雅丹地貌发育的主要控制因素，但在特定环境中，其他环境因素也可能起重要作用。通过对楼兰地区雅丹地貌野外调查、测试及室内实验分析，探讨风化作用对雅丹发育的影响。结果发现：新疆罗布泊地区广泛发育雅丹地貌，其中楼兰地区雅丹相对较为矮小，主要发育于全新世沉积岩上，地表没有植被或松散沉积物等覆盖，地层裸露。楼兰雅丹体为黏土质粉砂岩，干燥条件下较为坚硬（硬度>20 kg·cm^-2），抗风蚀能力较强，但是雅丹体表层岩性发生明显软化（硬度<10 kg·cm^-2）。这主要是由于罗布泊地区少量且集中的降水、显著的昼夜温差以及强烈太阳辐射等相互作用造成的。从这些广泛存在的松软层表明，雅丹体表层风化作用速度快于风蚀作用，而表层首先进行的风化作用，对雅丹风蚀作用起很大的促进作用，明显加速了楼兰地区雅丹地貌的发育。因此，受少量降水、昼夜温差和强烈的太阳辐射等影响的风化作用对楼兰地区雅丹地貌发育具有重要的影响。

关键词: 雅丹, 风化作用, 风蚀作用, 罗布泊

Abstract: Wind erosion is the key controlling factor for the development of Yardang landforms,however,other factors may also play an important role in certain situation.In this paper,we analyzed the possible influence of weathering to the development of Yardang landforms based on the field investigation and lab experiments.The results suggested that multiple types of Yardang landforms can be found in Lop Nur region,Xinjiang Province,China.In Loulan region the Yardang landforms without vegetation cover are all relative short and small, they are all developed on the sediment rock that form mainly in Holocene.The clayey siltstones strata of the Yardang landforms in Loulan region are all hard under dry condition (>20 kg·cm^-2) and with strong resistance to wind erosion. However the top layers (~15 cm) of clayey siltstones are softening obviously (<10 kg·cm^-2).This is mainly caused by the combination of the small amount but centralized rainfall, the moisture condensation causing by the diurnal temperature variation and the intense solar radiation.Softening of clayey siltstone on the top of Yardang strata indicates that weathering on the surface of Yardang landforms is obvious faster than wind erosion.The firstly weathering on the Yardang landforms promotes the wind erosion and accelerates the development of Yardang landforms in Loulan region.Therefore,weathering has direct and important influence to the development of Yardang landforms in the study region.

Key words: Yardang, weathering, wind erosion, Lop Nur

中图分类号:

P931.3

林永崇, 穆桂金, 秦小光, 唐自华, 李文, 徐立帅. 地表风化作用对楼兰地区雅丹地貌发育的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(6): 1278-1284.

LIN Yong-chong, MU Gui-jin, QIN Xiao-guang, TANG Zi-hua, LI Wen, XU Li-shuai. Weathering impact on the development of Yardang landforms in Loulan region[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(6): 1278-1284.

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