阿克达拉站PM10和PM2.5质量浓度长期变化趋势及短期升高事件研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2011—2023年阿克达拉区域大气本底站PM₁₀和PM_2.5连续观测数据，采用统计分析、气象相关性分析、HYSPLIT-4模型及潜在源贡献因子（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹（CWT）等方法，分析了PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度变化趋势和来源特征。结果表明：（1）2011—2023年阿克达拉站PM₁₀年均质量浓度从12.1 μg·m^-3增至23.2 μg·m^-3，PM_2.5年均质量浓度从7.3 μg·m^-3增至10.8 μg·m^-3，年均增长率分别为0.81 μg·m^-3·a^-1和0.31 μg·m^-3·a^-1，PM₁₀增长率高于PM_2.5。（2）PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度呈现春冬高、夏秋低的季节变化；PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值呈双峰分布（0.4~0.5和0.8~0.9），低比值反映自然源贡献，高比值反映人为源贡献。（3）气团轨迹分析显示，PM₁₀主要来源于哈萨克斯坦东部干旱区（PSCF值0.4~0.7），PM_2.5主要来源于新疆北部人为源区域（PSCF值0.5~0.8）。（4）2023年共识别出PM₁₀高浓度事件4次（峰值范围681.1~822.6 μg·m^-3）和PM_2.5高浓度事件5次（峰值范围294.2~551.4 μg·m^-3），事件持续时间通常小于1 h，呈现“短时高强度”特征。（5）与临安站对比，阿克达拉站PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度呈现“低基准、高波动、短峰值”特点，基准浓度低于临安站，但峰值浓度更高。研究结果可为干旱区大气本底颗粒物污染特征认识和跨境传输规律分析提供科学依据，有助于推动西北地区大气环境质量评估和区域协同治理。

关键词: PM_2.5, PM₁₀, 污染特征, 时间变化, 区域传输

Abstract:

Based on continuous observations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 at the Akedala regional atmospheric background station from 2011 to 2023, we employed statistical and meteorological correlation analyses, the HYSPLIT-4 model, the potential source contribution function (PSCF), and the concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method to investigate the variation trends and source characteristics of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 mass concentrations. The results showed that: (1) From 2011 to 2023, the annual average mass concentration of PM₁₀ increased from 12.1 μg·m^-3 to 23.2 μg·m^-3, while PM_2.5 increased from 7.3 μg·m^-3to 10.8 μg·m^-3, with annual growth rates of 0.81 μg·m^-3·a^-1 and 0.31 μg·m^-3·a^-1, respectively, indicating that PM₁₀ increased faster than PM_2.5. (2) PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exhibited clear seasonal variations, with higher values in spring and winter and lower values in summer and autumn. The PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio displayed a bimodal distribution (0.4-0.5 and 0.8-0.9), where lower ratios indicated natural contributions and higher ratios reflected anthropogenic sources. (3) Air mass trajectory analysis suggested that PM₁₀ primarily originated from eastern arid regions of Kazakhstan (PSCF values 0.4-0.7), whereas PM_2.5 mainly came from anthropogenic sources in northern Xinjiang (PSCF values 0.5-0.8). (4) In 2023, four high-concentration PM₁₀ events (peaks 681.1-822.6 μg·m^-3) and five high-concentration PM_2.5 events (peaks 294.2-551.4 μg·m^-3) were observed, with durations typically less than one hour, exhibiting “short-term high-intensity” characteristics. (5) Compared with Lin’an station, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 at Akedala showed “low baseline, high variability, and short peaks”, with baseline values lower than Lin’an but higher peak concentrations. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding atmospheric background particulate matter in arid regions and analyzing transboundary transport patterns, supporting air quality assessment and regional collaborative governance in northwest China.

Key words: PM_2.5, PM₁₀, pollution characteristics, temporal variation, regional transport

李佳林, 钟玉婷, 董垠希, 蔡海洋, 陶瑞. 阿克达拉站PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度长期变化趋势及短期升高事件研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(1): 47-55.

LI Jialin, ZHONG Yuting, DONG Yinxi, CAI Haiyang, TAO Rui. Long-term variation trends and short-term elevation events of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 mass concentrations at Akedala station[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(1): 47-55.

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季节	气团主要来源路径	100 m高度24 h			1000 m高度48 h
季节	气团主要来源路径	轨迹类型	轨迹占比/%	总占比/%	轨迹类型	轨迹占比/%	总占比/%
冬季	北部路径	1	19.6	19.6	1 3 4	15.2 12.4 8.1	35.7
	西北路径	2 3 4	27.3 5.4 3.9	36.6	2	18.3	18.3
	东部路径	5 6	15.8 8.0	23.8	5 6	22.5 13.5	36.0
春季	东部路径	1	33.2	33.2	1 2 4	24.5 11.3 18.6	54.4
	西部路径	3 5	14.9 4.2	19.1	3 5	9.7 2.1	11.8
	西北路径	2 4	27.3 10.4	37.7	6	23.8	23.8
夏季	东部路径	1 4 5	33.2 8.4 10.2	51.8	1 2 4	28.4 16.9 7.5	52.8
	局地循环路径	2	5.1	5.1	3 5 6	5.1 4.3 7.8	17.2
	西北路径	3 6	27.3 15.8	43.1	4	30.0	30.0
秋季	东部路径	1 3 4	33.2 7.5 12.1	52.8	1 3	25.6 18.2	43.8
	西北路径	2 5	27.3 4.3	31.6	2 5	19.2 7.4	26.6
	北部路径	6	15.6	15.6	4 6	19.6 10.0	29.6

传输路径	轨迹占比/%	平均传输距离/km	平均高度/m	主要季节分布
东部路径	33.2	16.2	910.3	春季、秋季
西北路径	27.3	11.3	1105.8	四季
北部路径	19.6	18.3	973.4	冬季
西部路径	14.9	27.0	1083.1	春季
局地循环路径	5.1	43.8	1548.8	夏季

颗粒物类型	源区等级	区域名称	经度/°E	纬度/°N	PSCF值	CWT贡献浓度/μg·m^-3
PM₁₀	主要源区	巴尔喀什湖以东至阿克达拉站	75~88	45~48	0.4~0.7	60~80
PM₁₀	次要源区	哈萨克斯坦中部（阿斯塔纳市）	70~73	50~52	0.3~0.5	40~60
PM₁₀	次要源区	乌鲁木齐市	87~89	43~45	0.2~0.4	30~50
PM_2.5	主要源区	阿克达拉站东南部（乌鲁木齐市至昌吉回族自治州）	87~89	43~45	0.5~0.8	30~40
PM_2.5	次要源区	巴尔喀什湖区域	73~76	45~48	0.3~0.5	15~25

阿克达拉站PM₁₀和PM_2.5质量浓度长期变化趋势及短期升高事件研究

Long-term variation trends and short-term elevation events of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 mass concentrations at Akedala station

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