塔吉克斯坦受威胁维管植物物种多样性及保护空缺研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.067

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 43-52.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.067 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024067

塔吉克斯坦受威胁维管植物物种多样性及保护空缺研究

李雨凡¹^,²(), 李文军²^,³, 马苏力娅³^,⁴, 苏宇琦¹^,², 王洪峰¹()

1.东北林业大学，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
2.新疆抗逆植物基因资源保育与利用重点实验室，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国-塔吉克斯坦生物资源保育与可持续利用“一带一路”联合实验室，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.内蒙古工业大学，内蒙古呼和浩特 010051

收稿日期:2024-01-29 修回日期:2024-02-27 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-21
通讯作者: 王洪峰（1977-），男，博士，工程师，主要从事植物分类与多样性研究. E-mail: wanghongfeng90@163.com
作者简介:李雨凡（1999-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事植物资源多样性研究. E-mail: liyufangz2021@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协调创新专项（上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划）(2023E01018);第三次新疆综合科学考察(2022xjkk1505);东北亚生物多样性研究中心项目;东北亚维管植物编目(2572022DS05)

Diversity and conservation gaps of threatened vascular plant species in Tajikistan

LI Yufan¹^,²(), LI Wenjun²^,³, MA Suliya³^,⁴, SU Yuqi¹^,², WANG Hongfeng¹()

1. Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
2. Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. China-Tajikistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-01-29 Revised:2024-02-27 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 受威胁物种是生物多样性保护的优先对象。为了解塔吉克斯坦受威胁物种多样性及其保护现状，基于自然保护联盟（IUCN）和塔吉克斯坦国家红色名录评估数据，梳理塔吉克斯坦受威胁维管植物物种多样性，比较世界IUCN和国家级红色名录评估的差异，并结合塔吉克斯坦受威胁植物丰富度分布格局图和塔吉克斯坦保护区图层，采用地理信息系统（GIS）图层叠加法与差距分析（GAP分析）对塔吉克斯坦受威胁植物进行保护空缺分析。结果表明：（1）塔吉克斯坦受威胁植物物种数最高的属依次为：葱属（Allium）、郁金香属（Tulipa）、阿魏属（Ferula），主要受到放牧、采集和采矿工程等因素的显著不利影响。（2） 2015年版的《塔吉克斯坦红色名录》[NRL（2015年）]与2022年IUCN红色名录第三版数据[IUCN-RL（2022年）]中共有受威胁物种228个，11种被2份名录共同收录，其中，IUCN-RL（2022年）中受威胁等级比NRL（2015年）中高的有6种、低的有4种、相同的仅1种。评估尺度、分类观点不一致和物种情况发生实质变化及评估资料不全面是导致这一差异的主要原因。（3）塔吉克斯坦各地理区受威胁物种分布较分散。受威胁物种丰富度最高的地区是吉萨尔-达尔瓦査A（Hissar-Darvasian A）。（4）塔吉克斯坦保护区仅覆盖了该区域约22%的领土，且保护区范围并未完全与受威胁物种丰富度较高地区重合，重点地区保护程度不足，需要加强保护。

关键词: 塔吉克斯坦, 植物多样性, 受威胁植物, 分布格局, 保护空缺

Abstract:

Threatened species are critical targets for biodiversity conservation. This study evaluates the diversity and conservation status of threatened vascular plant species in Tajikistan using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list and Tajikistan’s national red list. Discrepancies between the IUCN red list and the national red list are analyzed. Geographic information systems (GIS) and gap analysis (GAP), combined with distribution patterns of threatened plant species and the national protected area map in Tajikistan, are used to conduct a protection gap analysis for these species. The findings are as follows: (1) The genera with the highest number of threatened species in Tajikistan include Allium, Tulipa, and Ferula, primarily impacted by grazing, collection, and mining activities. (2) A total of 228 threatened species are listed in both the 2015 Tajikistan red list [NRL (2015)] and the third edition of the 2022 IUCN red list [IUCN-RL (2022)], with 11 species common to both lists. In the IUCN-RL (2022), six species are classified at a higher threat level than in the NRL (2015), four at a lower threat level, and one at the same level. These discrepancies arise from differences in assessment criteria, classification perspectives, changes in species status, and incomplete data. (3) The distribution of threatened species across Tajikistan is relatively scattered, with the highest threatened species richness in the Hissar-Darvasian A region. (4) Protected areas cover approximately 22% of Tajikistan’s territory; however, their boundaries do not fully align with regions of higher species richness. The protection level in key areas is insufficient and requires strengthening.

Key words: Tajikistan, pant diversity, threatened plant, distribution pattern, conservation gaps

李雨凡, 李文军, 马苏力娅, 苏宇琦, 王洪峰. 塔吉克斯坦受威胁维管植物物种多样性及保护空缺研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(1): 43-52.

LI Yufan, LI Wenjun, MA Suliya, SU Yuqi, WANG Hongfeng. Diversity and conservation gaps of threatened vascular plant species in Tajikistan[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(1): 43-52.

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植物类型	NRL（2015年）						IUCN-RL（2022年）
植物类型	科数	占比/%	属数	占比/%	种数	占比/%	科数	占比/%	属数	占比/%	种数	占比/%
被子植物	38	86.36	105	93.75	212	96.37	5	100.00	8	100.00	19	100.00
蕨类植物	4	9.09	5	4.46	5	2.27	-	-	-	-	-	-
裸子植物	2	4.55	2	1.79	3	1.36	-	-	-	-	-	-
合计	44	100.00	112	100.00	220	100.00	5	100.00	8	100.00	19	100.00

含种数	NRL（2015年）				IUCN-RL（2022年）				综合2份名录
含种数	科数	占比/%	属数	占比/%	科数	占比/%	属数	占比/%	科数	占比/%	属数	占比/%
>20	2	4.44	11	9.82	-	-	-	-	2	4.54	11	9.74
2~20	25	55.56	84	75.00	3	60.00	6	75.00	25	56.82	85	75.22
1	17	40.00	17	15.18	2	40.00	2	25.00	17	38.64	17	15.04
合计	44	100.00	112	100.00	5	100.00	8	100.00	44	100.00	113	100.00

受威胁等级	NRL（2015年）		IUCN-RL（2022年）		综合2份名录
受威胁等级	种数	占比/%	种数	占比/%	种数	占比/%
极危	51	23.18	8	42.11	56	24.56
濒危	72	32.73	4	21.05	73	32.02
易危	97	44.09	7	36.84	99	43.42
合计	220	100.00	19	100.00	228	100.00

塔吉克斯坦受威胁维管植物物种多样性及保护空缺研究

Diversity and conservation gaps of threatened vascular plant species in Tajikistan

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