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干旱区地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 388-397.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.02.12

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

荒漠河岸林地下水位时空动态及其对地表径流的响应

张经天1，2，席海洋1   

  1. 1 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室/阿拉善荒漠生态—水文 试验研究站，甘肃 兰州 730000; 2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

  • 收稿日期:2019-01-02 修回日期:2019-06-06 出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 席海洋（1982-），男，汉族，黑龙江省五大连池市人，副研究员，主要从事干旱区水文水资源研究.
  • 作者简介:张经天（1994-），男，汉族，陕西省西安人，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区水文水资源研究.E-mail:zhangjt@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(zdzx2018057)；中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)区域重点项目资助(29Y829731)资助

Spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater levels in a desert riparian forest and its response to surface runoff

ZHANG Jing-tian1，2,XI Hai-yang1   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin/Alxa Desert Ecohydrological Experimental Research Station/Northwest

    Institute of EcoEnvironment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

  • Received:2019-01-02 Revised:2019-06-06 Online:2020-03-25 Published:2020-03-25

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摘要：

荒漠河岸林是干旱地区重要的生态系统之一，受间歇性河流补给的浅层地下水是河岸林植物生存的主要水分来源。基于额济纳荒漠河岸林地下水位观测断面具有高时空分辨率的地下水位数据，分析了荒漠河岸林浅层地下水的时空变化及分水事件中河水对地下水的补给特征。结果表明：额济纳绿洲河岸林地下水位在季节尺度上具有植物生长季下降，非生长季上升的变化特征；在植物生长季内，地下水位具有白天下降，夜间上升的日周期变化特征，且日波动幅度主要受不同植被类型及植物不同生长期地下水蒸散速率的影响。黑河下游河水的河道渗漏是沿岸浅层地下水的主要补给来源，在分水过程中，距河道不同距离的地下水位对河水补给的响应时间随距离增加而增大，分水结束时的地下水位上升幅度随距离增加而减小，分水总径流量、分水持续时间和日均径流量是影响地下水补给宽度的主要因素。河道径流渗漏水量的绝大部分都通过蒸散发过程损失，从2013—2015年6次分水事件结束后，地下水估算补给量占其与蒸散量总和的平均比例为23.6%。

关键词: 荒漠河岸林, 地下水位, 河道渗漏, 地下水补给

Abstract: Desert riparian forests are important ecosystems in arid regions,and the recharge of shallow groundwater through the intermittent river flow is the primary water source for the plants in these riparian forests.Based on groundwater elevation data collected from the riparian forest of Ejina Oasis in northwest China,which achieves high spatiotemporal resolution,we analyzed the dynamics of the shallow groundwater and its response to river discharge.We found that groundwater levels declined during the growing season and rose when plants stopped growing.We also observed a diurnal fluctuation,with water levels rising during the daytime and declining at night.The amplitude of this diurnal fluctuation depended on the vegetation cover and the intensity of evapotranspiration during different periods of plant growth.Infiltrating river water is the dominant recharge source of the shallow groundwater in the lower reach of the Heihe River.During periods of water transfer,the groundwater response times increased,and the magnitude of groundwater uplift declined with distance from the river.Gross discharge,discharge duration,and daily average discharge were the main factors governing groundwater recharge.River seepage was mostly lost as evapotranspiration.After six periods of water transfer in the Heihe River from 2013 to 2015,the average ratio of groundwater recharge to the sum of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration was 23.6%.

Key words: desert riparian forests, groundwater level, river leakage, groundwater recharge