甘肃石油河流域地下水补给来源与演化特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对石油河流域所包含的赤金盆地与花海盆地，综合利用地下水水化学指标与稳定同位素技术系统地研究了地下水的补给来源与演化规律。其中赤金盆地地下水化学演化受控于溶滤作用，方解石、白云石、石膏等不断地溶解进入低矿化度的地下水中导致Mg²⁺+Ca²⁺与HCO₃^-+SO₄^2-沿1∶1等量线分布；而花海盆地高矿化度地下水中的Na⁺与SO₄^2-、Na⁺与Cl^-均有较好线性关系且多数矿物饱和指数>1，表明芒硝溶解控制了地下水中主要离子成分且地下水演化过程转由蒸发浓缩作用主导。赤金、花海盆地地下水氢氧同位素沿祁连山大气降水线分布或于右下方，二者特征相似，但后者更为富集重同位素，反映研究区地下水主要补给来源为祁连山大气降水或石油河河水；此外，两盆地间水力联系紧密，前者补给后者，因此在水资源开发利用时应将两盆地作为整体进行统筹管理，避免不合理开采造成环境地质问题。

关键词: 地下水, 补给来源与演化, 水化学特征, 稳定同位素, 石油河

Abstract: As an important part of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, China, Shiyou River basin consists of Chijin sub-basin and Huahai sub-basin. The characteristic of surface water in study area is scarcity and uncertainty because annual precipitation in this area is less than 70 mm but the evaporation is larger than 3 000 mm. Therefore, the groundwater plays an important role in water supply for daily life and irrigation. Understanding sources of recharge and mechanisms for hydro-geochemical evolution of groundwater is essential for making successful water resource management. This paper determined the recharge source and evolution process of groundwater in Shiyou River basin by using stable environmental isotopes (2H and 18O (and hydro-geochemical data. Total 36 water samples, including 4 surface water samples and 32 groundwater samples, were collected in the study area from May, 2011 to July, 2013. All of them were filtrated by 0.22 μm membrane in the field and were stored below 4℃ before analysis. Temperature, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS (were measured onsite using a SensION156 portable multi-parameter meter (Hach, Loveland, CO (. Total alkalinity (HCO₃^- (was determined at the time of sampling by titration to a fixed end-point pH. Concentrations of major cations and anions were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS (and ion chromatography (IC (, respectively. Stable isotopic composition was analyzed using a DLT-100 liquid water isotope analyzer (Los Gatos Research, Inc., Mountain View, CA (. Comparing the composition of stable isotopes between samples and precipitation, most of the groundwater samples in Chijin sub-basin are distributed near the Yeniugou local meteoric water line (LMWL (which represents the characteristics of precipitation in Qilian Mountains (high altitude area (. These suggests that groundwater in Chijin sub-basin is sourced from precipitation in the Qilian Mountains and has undergone little evaporation. In addition, the characteristics of groundwater stable isotopes are very similar between Huahai and Chijin, but more rich in heavy isotopes. Indicating that the hydraulic connection between them is very close and groundwater in Huahai sub-basin has undergone more evaporation. Most groundwater in the Beishan plot along the LMWL in low altitude area and have a relatively low d-excess value, indicating that groundwater is recharged by local precipitation and occurs more intensive evaporation. There is a good correlation between Mg²⁺+Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^-+SO₄^2- of groundwater in Chijin sub-basin, and the slope is 1. This indicates that these ions are likely derived primarily from dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum. Moreover, the results of statistical analysis of dissolved species in Huahai groundwater indicates that the predominant hydro-geochemical process is evaporation and ion exchange in this region. The TDS of Huahai groundwater ranges from 389 to 5 310 mg·L^-1 with an average of 2 026 mg·L^-1, so the unpurified groundwater with relative high TDS is not potable but can be used to irrigation in arid area, like study area. Improved understanding of groundwater characteristics and natural evolution can help form scientific guidelines for realizing sustainable water resources utilization and help prevent further degradation of the regional environment.

Key words: groundwater, recharge sources and evolution, hydro-geochemial indicators, stable isotopes, Shiyou River

中图分类号:

P641.12

王礼恒, 董艳辉, 宋凡, 张江义, 童少青, 张倩. 甘肃石油河流域地下水补给来源与演化特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(1): 54-61.

WANG Li-heng, DONG Yan-hui, SONG Fan, ZHANG Jiang-yi, TONG Shao-qing, ZHANG Qian. Recharge sources and hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in the Shiyou River, Gansu Province[J]. , 2017, 40(1): 54-61.

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